Discrimination has negative consequences for the health and well-being (HWB) of individuals belonging to disadvantaged groups. Due to social and attitudinal barriers, we argue that disabled people comprise one of the groups most affected by discrimination. Using data from the European Social Survey, including representative samples from 32 countries surveyed in seven waves (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014), we compared the effects of ableism on HWB with discrimination targeting other groups (e.g., sexism and ageism). We tested these effects between individuals (i.e., comparing the effects of individuals belonging to different disadvantaged groups) and within individuals (i.e., examining the case of individuals belonging to multiple disadvantaged categories). Results indicated that facing ableism is associated with lower HWB, and that this effect has a greater magnitude when compared to the effect of being discriminated because of other disadvantaged group memberships. Our findings highlight the significance of addressing ableism in research and social policy.
Pro-environmental behaviour has often been studied as being the result of individual or rational decision making, despite the contributions from a more social approach to environmental psychology. This paper presents experimental research addressing the role of social identities and social norms in promoting proenvironmental behaviour. Following the frameworks of Social Identity Theory and Normative Focus Theory, we expect that descriptive social norms will have an impact on behaviour and that social identity will moderate this association.Place identity and descriptive norms regarding pro-environmental behaviour were manipulated in three studies. Self-reported intentions to recycle were assessed, after controlling for past recycling behaviour and environmental identity. The first study (participants: N = 43) showed that the intention of recycling was stronger when descriptive norm was higher. The second (N = 37) and the third (N = 65) studies showed an interesting interaction effect: the salience of social identity was effective when the descriptive social norm was low, and the salience of personal identity promoted recycling when the descriptive social norm was high. These results are expected to stimulate new areas of research in this domain.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the benefits and challenges of the advocacy group for intergenerational policies that was created in Portugal in 2012, the European Year of Active Ageing and solidarity between generations. Design/methodology/approach – The group conducted nine closed group meetings scheduled every three months with an average attendance of five members and six public events bringing together researchers, policy makers, practitioners and civil society. Findings – The group was established as a response to the various social changes happening in Portugal as a consequence of the ageing population, low-birth rate and migration, leading to the need to explore new responses which are based both on the need to promote active ageing and intergenerational solidarity and also the importance of family and state support to multigenerational families as a building block to strengthen communities. Research limitations/implications – The paper sets the context of the changing social situation in Portugal, describes the process used through both closed and public meetings to discuss this and then describes the perspectives of four core groups. Practical implications – Only by pooling resources and thinking intergenerationally will we be able to deliver the opportunities and support that the citizens will need to enable them to age well across the life course. Social implications – Drawing on this and the strong tradition of the family in Portugal it seeks to make the case that an i ntergenerational approach is essential to the countries future social well-being. Originality/value – The creation of the advocacy group created a private space for professionals to explore and strengthen their understanding of the impact of these issues and the potential of approaching policy as an intergenerational issue as one solution.
Several countries have enacted personal assistance (PA) legislation over the past few decades. Although this policy has been associated with improvements in the quality of life, here we explore how it interacts with the social environment. We examine how the existence of PA legislation influences the effect of social equality on the health and wellbeing of disabled people. Multilevel analysis was performed using data from the European Social Survey (n = 18,924), including 31 countries and 7 waves of data (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014).Results show that social equality has a positive effect on well-being, but only in countries with PA. The relationship between social equality and well-being, in countries with PA, is explained by increased public participation, satisfaction with the political and economic situation, and a more positive opinion about the health services. Our findings highlight the importance of PA in influencing disability equality and improving disabled people's wellbeing.
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