Our objective was to compare the AI submission rate and pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI) at first service of lactating Holstein cows submitted to a Double-Ovsynch protocol and timed artificial insemination (TAI) versus artificial insemination (AI) to a detected estrus after synchronization of estrus at a similar day in milk range. Lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive their first TAI after a Double-Ovsynch protocol (DO; n = 294) or to receive their first AI after a synchronized estrus (EST; n = 284). Pregnancy status was determined 33 ± 3 d after insemination and was reconfirmed 63 ± 3 d after insemination. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and logistic regression using the MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). By design, days in milk at first insemination did not differ between treatments (76.9 ± 0.2 vs. 76.7 ± 0.3 for DO vs. EST cows, respectively), but more DO cows were inseminated within 7 d after the end of the voluntary waiting period than EST cows (100.0 vs. 77.5%). Overall, DO cows had more P/AI than EST cows at both 33 d (49.0 vs. 38.6%) and 63 d (44.6 vs. 36.4%) after insemination, but pregnancy loss from 33 to 63 d after insemination did not differ between treatments. Primiparous cows had more P/AI than multiparous cows 33 and 63 d after insemination, but the treatment by parity interaction was not significant. Synchronization rate to the hormonal protocols was 85.3%, which did not differ between treatments; however, synchronized DO cows had more P/AI 33 d after insemination than synchronized EST cows (54.7 vs. 44.5%). In summary, submission of lactating Holstein cows to a Double-Ovsynch protocol and TAI for first insemination increased the percentage of cows inseminated within 7 d after the end of the voluntary waiting period and increased P/AI at 33 and 63 d after first insemination resulting in 64 and 58% more pregnant cows, respectively, than submission of cows for first AI after detection of estrus at a similar day in milk range. We conclude that, because the proportion of synchronized cows did not differ between treatments, DO cows had more P/AI than EST cows because of an intrinsic increase in fertility after submission to a fertility program.

Introduction:The northeast region of Brazil is endemic for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection in dogs in Petrolina. Methods: Blood samples were collected from dogs (n = 600), and bone-marrow biopsy was performed in animals with positive serological test results that presented clinical signs of ZVL. The serological analyses were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (S7 ® Biogene). Results: Of the 600 dogs tested, 19% (115/600) presented anti-L. infantum chagasi antibodies. Conclusions: Our data are important because canine infection is an important risk factor for the human disease.

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a second PGF2α treatment and duration of an Ovsynch protocol that included a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) on progesterone (P4) concentrations and pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI) after resynchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination (TAI). Lactating Holstein cows (n=821) were assigned randomly at a nonpregnancy diagnosis (d 0) to 3 resynchronization protocols: (1) GnRH, d 0; PGF2α, d 7; GnRH, d 9.5 (7D1PGF); (2) GnRH, d 0; PGF2α, d 7; PGF2α, d 8; GnRH, d 9.5); (7D2PGF); or (3) GnRH, d 2; PGF2α, d 7; PGF2α, d 8; GnRH, d 9.5 (5D2PGF). All cows received a PRID at the first GnRH treatment of the resynchronization protocol, which was removed at the first PGF2α treatment, and all cows received TAI approximately 16h after the second GnRH treatment. Blood samples were collected from a subgroup of cows at each treatment of the resynchronization protocols. At 32 d after TAI, cows receiving a second PGF2α treatment (7D2PGF + 5D2PGF cows) had more P/AI (42.6 vs. 35.7%) than cows receiving a single PGF2α treatment (7D1PGF cows). For cows treated with a second PGF2α treatment, decreasing the duration of the protocol did not increase P/AI (41.4 vs. 43.8% for 7D2PGF vs. 5D2PGF cows). At 60 d after TAI, P/AI did not differ between cows treated with the 1 PGF2α (7D1PGF cows) or 2 PGF2α (7D2PGF + 5D1PGF cows) treatments (32.5 vs. 37.9%, respectively). In addition, reducing the duration of the protocol did not increase P/AI at 60 d after TAI (37.8 vs. 38.5% for 7D2PGF vs. 5D2PGF cows). Pregnancy loss from 32 to 60 d after TAI was not affected by the number of PGF2α treatments (8.5 vs. 10.6%, for 7D1PGF vs. 7D2PGF + 5D2PGF cows) or the duration of the protocol (9.1 vs. 12.1%, for 7D2PGF vs. 5D2PGF cows). The percentage of cows with incomplete luteal regression at the second GnRH treatment tended to differ among treatments and was lowest for 7D2PGF cows, intermediate for 5D2PGF cows, and greatest for 7D1PGF cows (1.9 vs. 6.9 vs. 11.0%, respectively). In conclusion, addition of a second PGF2α treatment tended to decrease the percentage of cows with incomplete luteal regression and increased P/AI 32 d after AI, whereas decreasing the duration of the Ovsynch protocol did not increase P/AI.

PURPOSE:To assess the histological response of damaged osteochondral tissue in the femoral condyles of rabbits after repairing the wounds with sugar cane biopolymer gel -compared to the control group. METHODS:The study investigated 16 New Zealand rabbits, at 90, 120 and 180 days after surgery. In all the animals, a lesion of 3.2 mm in diameter and 4 mm deep was induced in each right and left femoral condyle. Each animal has provided both knees, divided into medial and lateral condyle, resulting in 64 samples. 32 knees were divided into two groups: Right knee, medial and lateral condyles, filled with biopolymer; Left knee, medial and lateral condyles, unfilled. The anatomical specimens were removed, and subjected to histological techniques and morphometric and statistical analysis. RESULTS:In all the periods of the group under study an inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells and mononuclear cells was found, while in the control group there was early healing produced by fibroblasts and few mononuclear cells with statistical significance between groups. CONCLUSION:The biopolymer gel caused an inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells and mononuclear cells while the control group there was cicatrization mediated by fibroblasts.Key words: Osteogenesis. Cartilage. Histology. Biopolymers. Rabbits.A comparative study of the areas of osteochondral defects produced in femoral condyles of rabbits treated with sugar cane biopolymer gel

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Objetivo: descrever achados relatados na literatura de alterações sensoriais da função auditiva, olfativa e gustativa presentes em pacientes com Covid-19. Revisão Bibliográfica: Registros científicos têm apresentado alterações neurológicas em pacientes com Covid-19. Os distúrbios olfativos e gustativos têm sido prevalentes entre eles, afirmando que a súbita anosmia ou ageusia precisam ser reconhecidas pela comunidade científica como sintomas importantes para o rastreio da infecção. Quanto à função auditiva, sintomas primários como perda auditiva neurossensorial, além de alterações significativas de limiares de tons puros de alta frequência e amplitudes das emissões otoacústicas evocadas transientes foram identificados em pacientes com teste positivo para a Covid-19. Os estudos relatam que apesar de complicações audiológicas pelo novo coronavírus ser pouco mencionadas na literatura, estudos mais aprofundados sobre essas possíveis manifestações clínicas na Covid-19 é de extrema relevância afim auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce da doença. Considerações finais: Diante do exposto, podemos considerar que os sintomas auditivos, bem como de anosmia e ageusia podem se apresentar como a única manifestação da infecção pelo novo coronavírus sendo importante a investigação desses sintomas além do conhecimento a partir de novas pesquisas sobre os mecanismos patogênicos que levam ao envolvimento dessas afecções.

RESUMO Objetivo Elucidar se a suplementação com ácido fólico pouco antes da concepção e/ou durante a gestação pode estar realmente atrelado ao desenvolvimento do transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Metódos Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura em base de dados, nos idiomas português e inglês, durante o período de novembro de 2017 até abril de 2018, com ênfase nas publicações mais recentes. Resultados Do total de 174 artigos, 87 compuseram este trabalho. Pesquisas apontam que o aumento dos casos de TEA se deve ao fato de que mais fatores genéticos estejam implicados na etiopatogênese neural. No entanto, a grande maioria dos artigos ressalta com maior precisão que há mais efeitos benéficos do uso de ácido fólico antes da concepção e durante a gestação na prevenção do TEA, assim como de outras anormalidades relacionadas aos defeitos do tubo neural. Conclusão Quando se analisa o risco-benefício da suplementação com ácido fólico nas doses recomendadas, 0,4 a 0,8 mg/dia, conclui-se que os benefícios sobrepujam os possíveis riscos de desenvolver o TEA.

A Ivermectina, princípio farmacológico de um medicamento de uso veterinário possui efeito antiparasitário contra endo e ectoparasitos, é amplamente utilizada na prática veterinária. Esta droga é biotransformada no fígado, resultando em 3 metabólitos, sendo o mais importante o 24-hidroxi-metil-diidroavermectina B1. O fígado é essencial na regulação do metabolismo, na síntese de certas proteínas, servindo como local de armazenagem para certas vitaminas e ferro, degradando certos hormônios e inativando e excretando certos medicamentos e toxinas. Portanto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a morfologia dos fígados de ratas prenhes tratadas com ivermectina. Para tanto foram utilizadas 30 ratas albinas, as quais foram divididas em 3 grupos de 10 animais. Os animais foram colocados para acasalar e após a detecção da prenhez, presença de espermatozóides no esfregaço vaginal realizado na manhã do dia seguinte, sendo assim designado o primeiro dia de gestação, cada animal foi tratado com ivermectina, na dose correspondente a cada grupo durante 18 dias, com administração a cada 3 (três) dias, totalizando 6 administrações. Após esse período o fígado foi coletado, pesado em balança analítica e processado para microscopia de luz. A análise do peso relativo dos fígados das ratas prenhes e não prenhes não revelou diferença significativa entre os grupos experimentais, onde o tratamento com ivermectina nas doses de 4,0 e 8,0 mg/kg não alterou a massa relativa do fígado, nem apresentou alterações na cor, textura, consistência e hemorragias. Com relação ao estudo através da microscopia de luz, não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas.