Three experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine and compare the digestibility of nutrients and energy of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from the US (USDDGS), a dried mixture of corn bran with solubles (CBS) from Brazil (BRCBS), and high protein corn distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) from the US (USHPDG) and Brazil (BRHPDG) in growing pigs. The feed ingredients were evaluated for apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF, respectively), digestible and metabolizable energy (DE and ME, respectively) using total collection and index methods in Exp. 1; ATTD and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus (P) in Exp. 2; and apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibilities of CP and amino acids (AA) in Exp. 3. Fifty crossbred barrows (32.4 ± 6.9 kg, 38.3 ± 5.2 kg and 46.2 ± 5.3 kg BW, in Exp. 1, 2 and 3, respectively) were fed a corn basal diet in Exp. 1, a P-free diet in Exp. 2, and a N-free diet in Exp. 3, or diets with 40% inclusion of test ingredients to provide 10 replications per treatment. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism cages (Exp. 1) or in pens (Exp. 2 and 3) and fed at 2.8 times the maintenance DE requirement (110 kcal / kg BW 0.75) based on their BW at the beginning of each experiment. Except for ATTD of NDF, which tended (P = 0.058) to be greater by index method compared to total collection method, no difference between total collection and index methods were observed for ATTD of remaining nutrients and DE. The ATTD of DM, GE, NDF and DE content of BRHPDG were greater (P < 0.001) than USHPDG, BRCBS and USDDGS. The AID of CP, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr and Val; and the SID of His, Leu, Lys, and Val of BRHPDG were 8 to 36% greater (P < 0.05) than those from USHPDG. Except for Trp, all AID and SID AA values were greater (P < 0.05) in BRHPDG than in USHPDG. The ATTD of DM, GE, NDF, and ADF; DE and ME content; AID of CP, Arg, Ileu, Leu, Phe, Thr, and Trp; and SID of CP, Arg, Phe, and Thr of USDDGS were 9 to 45% greater (P < 0.05) than those in BRCBS. The ATTD and the STTD of P in USHPDG and USDDGS were 26 to 42% greater (P < 0.05) compared with BRHPDG and BRCBS. In conclusion, BRHPDG had a greater digestibility of energy and most AA than USHPDG, while the BRCBS evaluated had lower nutritional value than the USDDGS source.
The objective of this study was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, GE, EE, NDF, ADF, and CP, the metabolizability of energy, of two high protein (HP) corn distillers dried grain (DDG) and of two corn DDG with solubles (DDGS), from Brazil and USA, and their respective digestible and metabolizable energy content in growing pigs. Fifty crossbred barrows (32.4±6.9kg) were distributed in a randomized block design, with 10 replicates, and received a 96.7 % corn basal diet (BD) or four diets with 40% of each test ingredient: Brazilian HP DDG (BHP); USA HP DDG (UHP); Brazilian DDGS (BDG) and USA DDGS (UDG), substituting for corn. Animals were fed at 2.8 x maintenance (110 kcal of DE per kg of BW0.75) for 7 d adaptation and 4 d of total feces and urine collection. The ATTD of nutrients and energy were calculated by difference and the results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P< 0.05). The BHP and UHP samples contained (as is basis) 92.3 – 89.6% DM, 2.8 – 3.5% ash, 42.9 – 34.9% CP, 10.3 – 7.3% EE, 32.7 – 47.5% NDF, 13.3 – 17.5% ADF, 5.30 – 4.90 Mcal/kg, respectively. The BDG and UDG samples contained (as is basis) 86.1 – 86.1% DM, 4.8 – 4.9% ash, 13.9 – 25.8% CP, 9.0 – 6.4% EE, 40.8 – 40.2% NDF, 13.3 – 14.3% ADF, 4.51 – 4.53 Mcal/kg, respectively. The ATTD of DM and GE and the digestible and metabolizable energy contents of BHP were greater (P< 0.05) than those verified in UHP. The ATTD of DM, GE, NDF, ADF, digestible and metabolizable energy values of BDG were lower (P < 0.05) than those verified in UDG. In conclusion, the BHP presented higher digestible values to almost all parameters evaluated, however, all ingredients presented acceptable digestible contents, indicating they may be used in pigs feeding.
Extrusion is a thermomechanical process that can reduce the content antinutritional factors in soybean, improving the use of its nutrients by pigs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate extruded corn-soybean grain blends, replacing soybean meal in weanling pig diets, on pig growth performance from 21 to 63 d old. Ground corn and the corn-soybean blend (75.27% of ground corn and 24.73%) were extruded at 120°C in a single-screw extruder. One hundred and sixty crossbred weaned pigs (6.02 ± 0.63 kg) were used in a three-phase feeding program (21-35, 36-49, 50-63 days of age) and fed a basal diet (BD - extruded corn, dairy product, spray dried plasma, and soybean meal) or one of four diets in which soybean meal was replaced for deactivated (DS) or extruded (EX) corn-soybean blend, in 50 or 100%, generating diets DS50, DS100, EX50 and EX100. Diets were formulated to provide 3.40, 3.38, and 3.20 Mcal of ME/kg; 220, 215, and 190 g/kg of CP; and 14.5, 13.3, and 10.9 g/kg of digestible lysine, in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A randomized block design based on initial BW was used. The data was submitted to ANOVA and means were separated using Tukey test (5%). Pigs fed diets EX50 and EX100 presented reductions (P< 0.05) in ADG (16-50%), final BW and G:F (13-33%) compared to pigs submitted to diets SBM100, DS50 or DS100 in phases 1 and 2. ADG, ADFI, and G:F of pigs were not affected (P >0.05) in phase 3, but final BW of pigs fed extruded corn-soybean blend were lower (P< 0.05) than that of pigs fed other diets. The extrusion temperature may have been insufficient to inactivate the anti-nutritional factors of soybean that probably reduced pig growth performance. The inclusion of extruded corn-soybean blend in replacement of soybean meal reduced growth performance of pigs.
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