Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices can effectively optimize the distribution of power flow. Power flow entropy can be applied as a measure of load distribution. In this paper, a method is proposed to optimize the distribution of power flow with the coordination of multi-type FACTS devices and establishes the corresponding mathematical models. The modified group searcher optimization (GSO) algorithm is proposed, in which the angle search is combined with chaotic search model to avoid jumping into local optimization. Compared with the different optimal allocation of multi-FACTS devices, the optimal allocation of multi-FACTS devices is achieved under the economic constraints. The locations obtained by this method can achieve the purpose of balancing power flow and enhancing the system performances. The simulations are demonstrated in an IEEE 118-bus power system with two classical types of FACTS, namely static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series Compensator (TCSC). The simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
The structural and optimal operation of an Energy Hub (EH) has a tremendous influence on the hub's performance and reliability. This paper envisions an innovative methodology that prominently increases the synergy between structural and operational optimization and targets system cost affordability. The generalized energy system structure is presented theoretically with all selective hub sub-modules, including electric heater (EHe) and solar sources block sub-modules. To minimize energy usage cost, an energy hub is proposed that consists of 12 kinds of elements (i.e., energy resources, conversion, and storage functions) and is modeled mathematically in a General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), which indicates the optimal hub structure's corresponding elements with binary variables (0, 1). Simulation results contrast with 144 various scenarios established in all 144 categories of hub structures, in which for each scenario the corresponding optimal operation cost is previously calculated. These case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested model and methodology. Finally, avenues for future research are also prospected.
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