Factors indicating a potential failure of ETV were young age and etiology such as spina bifida, other than isolated aqueductal stenosis. ETV is the method of choice even in patients with former shunting. Fast healing, distensible skulls, and lower pressure gradient in younger children, all can play a role in ETV failure. Based on our experience, ETV could be the first method of choice for hydrocephalus even in children younger than 6 months of age.

This study proven that topical application of α-tocopherol could effectively reduce the development of epidural fibrosis in an experimental laminectomy model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Study PopulationEighty consecutive men and women who underwent ACDF at three or less levels were enrolled in the study. Patients aged >18 years who had 1, 2 or three levels soft cervical disc hernia were included in the study. Patients who had previous cervical operations, structural bony anomaly, deformity, metabolic