Our retrospective study compared vitamin-D levels in 229 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and 389 age-matched controls, and evaluated the correlation between vitamin-D levels and sex, Cobb's angle, and serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase in the AIS group. Vitamin-D levels were lower in the AIS group, with no sex-specific effects, indicative of a possible vitamin-D resistance in AIS. Vitamin-D levels correlated positively with Ca levels and negatively with Cobb's angle, indicative of a possible role of vitamin D in the etiopathogenesis of AIS. Patients with AIS should be monitored for vitamin-D deficiency/insufficiency.

Objective:Nowadays, people tend to spend more time in the closed areas and benefit less from sunlight. In this study, we examined the results of vitamin D measurements of athletes from different disciplines in different months and aimed to determine if the synthesis of vitamin D decreases or not according to exercise environment and month.Methods:The study was conducted in participants aged 5–52 years. A total of 555 elite-level sportsmen who were admitted to our Sports Medicine Clinic in the study participated in this study. Indoor and outdoor environmental and seasonal effects on the measurements in different months were statistically evaluated. Independent-samples test and definitive statistics were used for statistical analyses and a p-value less than 0.05 has been considered significant.Results:The study group consisted of 229 male and 326 female athletes. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was observed; 120 (21.6%) athletes have severe serum vitamin D deficiency (<11–20 ng/mL). Vitamin D levels were not significantly different from outdoor athletes (393; 70.8%). Winter measurements of vitamin D levels were significantly lower than those measured in autumn (p = 0.000).Conclusion:Increasing vitamin D levels are very important especially in participating athletes and additional supplements are recommended whenever necessary. Gender and indoor/outdoor sports participation showed no statistically significant outcomes on vitamin D levels. However, winter season had a negative effect on vitamin D levels. Therefore, adequate precautions should be taken to increase vitamin D, especially during winter, to maintain the best performance of the athletes.

Highlights of the Study • Existing literature does not explain the mechanism of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in reducing coccydynia. • This study shows that ESWT is a convenient, cost-effective method with low complication rates. • ESWT provides effective pain control for chronic coccydynia.

HighlightsThe first case of isolated rupture of vastus intermedius tendon in the literature.Partial quadriceps tendon rupture can be treated by conservative therapy.

D upuytren's disease (DD), also known as palmar fibromatosis, is a proliferative fibroplasia of palmar aponeurosis. The condition is a major cause of morbidity and causes progressive and irreversible flexion contractures in the fingers, which in turn affects patients' daily activities and reduces their quality of life. Although the etiology of DD is unknown, it has been shown to originate from an autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. [1] Diabetes mellitus, long-term use of anticonvulsants due to epilepsy, liver disease, HIV infection, complex regional pain syndrome, myocardial infarction, alcohol consumption and/or smoking, and trauma are the risk factors for DD. The disease is clinically categorized into early, active, and advanced stages. In the early stage, the integrity of the skin is compromised. Nodules and cords are seen during the active stage. In the advanced stage, fibrocytes and contracture develop. [2][3][4] Objectives: We investigated the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in patients with Dupuytren's Disease (DD) palmar nodules in an attempt to reduce the contracture, alleviate the pain (if any), increase the range of motion and quality of life, and delay a probable surgery in the long term. Methods: Patients with DD who presented to our hand surgery clinic and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The treatment was performed by the same physician using the ESWT device once a week for six weeks. The patients were evaluated with the VAS score, Quick-DASH questionnaire, and MAYO wrist score, and their grip strength was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. Results:The mean age of the 23 patients included in the study was 51 years. There was a significant improvement in the second measurement of VAS and DASH scores compared with the preoperative values. The increase in the second and final follow-up measurements of the MAYO score and grip strength results compared with the preoperative values was found significant. The table-top test results turned negative in 16 patients. Conclusion:We can suggest that ESWT in the early term can be preferred over costly injections and surgical intervention options as it increases the quality of life and delays the recurrence of contractures.

PurposeThis study investigated the short-term effects of KT on back pain (BP) in patients with Lenke Type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).MethodsWe chosen Lenke Type 1 scoliosis who have had only back pain (the localization of the pain: the only in the apical convex edge). Forty patients suffering from BP with Lenke Type 1 AIS were randomly separated into two groups, Group 1 (20 patients) and Group 2 (20 patients). Group 1 was given KT with tension and home exercises and Group 2 was given KT without tension and home exercises. KT and home exercises was applied to the thoracic area of the patients in both groups for four weeks. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) and SRS-22 (subtotal SRS-20) before and after treatment.ResultsMean age of both groups was 16.1 years. Mean Cobb angle of the thoracic scoliosis was 31.8° (range: 17°–44°) in Group 1 and 32.8° (range: 19°–43°) in Group 2 before the treatment. The decrease in VAS score of Group 1 after taping was higher than that of Group 2. The difference between the pre- and post-treatment VAS scores of both groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The increase in mean SRS-20 score of Group 1 following taping application was significantly higher than the increase in the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionResults demonstrated that KT application with tension effectively leads to back pain relief shortly after application. In addition, KT has a positive impact on quality of life. Thus, KT may be a suitable intervention in treating back pain of patients with AIS.Level of EvidenceLevel 1, Therapeutic study

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Background No detailed comparative studies have been performed regarding plantar pressure changes between proximal dome and distal chevron osteotomies. This study aimed to compare radiographic and plantar pressure changes after distal chevron and proximal dome osteotomies and to investigate the effect of radiographic and plantar pressure changes on clinical outcomes. Methods This study included 26 and 22 patients who underwent distal chevron and proximal dome osteotomies, respectively. Visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot scores were used to evaluate pain and functional outcomes. Hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, talar–first metatarsal angle, and calcaneal inclination angle were measured in the evaluation of radiographic outcomes. Preoperative and postoperative plantar pressure changes were evaluated. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, body mass index, or AOFAS forefoot and VAS scores. In the proximal dome group, the pressure measurement showed significant lateralization of the maximal anterior pressure point in the forefoot (P &lt; .001). In addition, the postoperative calcaneal inclination angle was significantly lower (P = .004) and the talar–first metatarsal angle was significantly higher (P &lt; .001) in the proximal dome group. Postoperative transfer metatarsalgia was observed in one patient (3.8%) in the distal chevron group and five (22.7%) in the proximal dome group (P &lt; .05). Conclusions Proximal dome osteotomy led to more lateralization of the maximum anterior pressure point, decreased calcaneal inclination angle and first metatarsal elevation, and related higher transfer metatarsalgia.