Films and edible coatings based on biopolymers have been developed as a packaging, which can be obtained from biodegradable materials and have properties similar to common plastics. These edible materials have many applications in the food industry, preventing mass transfer between the product and the surrounding environment. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties of edible films based on cassava starch (CS), whey protein (WP), and beeswax (BW). Response surface methodology has been used and the experiments were carried out based on face-centred composite design. On the other hand, three CS-based controls were formulated to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of WP and BW. The optimization of multiple responses established the optimal formulation: CS (3.17 %), WP (1.30 %), BW (0.50 %), presenting the following response variables: tensile stress (1.92 MPa), elongation (40.4 %), Young's modulus (42.1 MPa), water vapor permeability 1.79 × 10 −11 (g mm/s cm 2 Pa), swelling capacity (300.3 %), thickness (0.128 mm), moisture content (6.74 %), and colour: lightness (89.9), chromaticity a∗ (-1.8), chromaticity b∗ (7.7), saturation (9.9), tone (101.1°), and yellowness index (17.7). The selection and evaluation of this optimal formulation are essential because it is the material that shows the best possible mechanical and physicochemical properties using the studied components. The results, especially its good mechanical properties and low permeability to water vapour, would allow its application as a coating for fruits, vegetables, among others, effectively delaying its weight loss due to dehydration.

The blackberry is a fragile fruit with a high degree of decomposition, which limits its shelf life. The effect of an edible coating (EC) based on cassava starch, whey protein, beeswax, chitosan, glycerol, stearic acid, and glacial acetic acid on the shelf life of fruit stored at 4 C was evaluated. The physical, chemical, physical, microbiological, and sensorial quality was evaluated, comparing with a fresh control fruit. The EC had a positive effect on the physicochemical and sensorial properties (mainly in texture, flavor, and aromas), due to the reduction of physiological processes, whereas the color changes are mainly due to anthocyanin losses. After 10 days of storage, weight losses were 39.6% lower and firmness was 81.4% higher; while chitosan reduced the mold and yeast count. The EC increased the useful life of the Andean blackberries by 100%.

Edible coatings (EC) have shown advantages in fruit preservation. The influence of an EC based on a polysaccharide-protein-lipid structure (Cassava starch: CS, whey protein: WP, and beeswax: BW), glycerol (G), stearic acid (SA) and chitosan (CH), on texture and weight loos of blackberry stored at 4 and 25 °C was evaluated. A composite central design was used considering the independent variables: CS (3.0-3.5%), WP (0.5-1.5%), BW (0.0-0.5%). The experimental optimization defined the formulation: CS (3.50%), WP (1.16%), BW (0.47%); and CH (0.5-1.0%) was added again evaluating the fruit during storage until visual infection was observed. Results indicated that the best concentration of CH (0.75%) did not present visual infection until day 10 of storage at 4 °C and reduce weight loss with respect to other treatments