To clarify the potential role of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) in characterizing and prognosticating high-risk coronary plaques. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare high-risk vs. low-risk plaques and culprit vs. non-culprit lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) vs. stable angina (SA). High-risk plaques were defined by at least one of the following features: non-calcified plaque (NCP), the presence of spotty calcified plaque (SCP), or increased remodelling index (RI). Results of included studies were pooled as odds ratios (OR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Eighteen eligible studies provided data to compare plaque types, plaque volume, and RI. Six studies provided data on ACS events in vulnerable high-risk vs. low-risk calcified plaques after 35 ± 2 months of follow-up. ACS patients had significantly higher number of NCP and SCP compared with SA patients with OR = 1.96 (1.47-2.60; 95% CI) P = 0.0001 and OR = 4.5 (2.98-6.83; 95% CI) P = 0.0001, respectively. Total plaque volume in ACS was not larger than SA: WMD = 22.9 (-22.1 to 67; 95% CI) mm(3), P = 0.32, but NCP volume was significantly larger: WMD = 28.8 (10.9-46.7; 95% CI) mm(3), P = 0.002. RI was higher in culprit lesions in ACS compared with SA and compared with non-culprit lesions in ACS patients: WMD = 0.48 (0.25-0.70; 95% CI) P = 0.0001 and 0.19 (0.07-0.30) P = 0.0001, respectively. The associated risk of future ACS was significantly higher in high-risk than in low-risk plaques: OR = 12.1 (5.24-28.1; 95% CI) P = 0.0001. CCTA can non-invasively characterize high-risk vulnerable coronary plaques and can predict future ACS events in patients with high-risk plaques.
surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin secretion, with insulin resistance: Influence of adolescence and psychological stress. Peptides, 115,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du her: http://dx.
ABSTRACTIn middle-aged and elderly individuals, circulating copeptin concentrations, a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, associates with insulin resistance (IR). Whether this association is present in adolescents and young adults is unclear. Because psychological stress associates with higher circulating copeptin concentrations and IR, it has been speculated that increased AVP secretion could be a link between psychological stress and IR. We measured plasma copeptin concentrations in 351 14-16-year-old adolescents and 617 20-28-year-old young adults from the Danish site of the European Youth Heart Study, a population-based cardiovascular risk factor study in adolescents and young adults. IR was determined by the homeostatic model assessment method. Among the young adults, we used symptoms of depression, evaluated by means of the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) scale, as a measure of psychological stress. We applied linear regressions to examine associations, expressed as unstandardized regression coefficients (B) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), between variables of interest, stratified by age group and adjusting for age, sex and Tanner stages. Copeptin and IR were logtransformed. Among the young adults, copeptin associated with IR (B (95%CI) =0.19 (0.11 to 0.27), P<0.001). This association was not found among the adolescents (B=-0.01 (-0.12 to 0.09), P=0.78). MDI score associated with IR (B=0.010 (0.004 to 0.016), P<0.001) and copeptin (B=0.010 (0.004 to 0.015); P<0.002) in the young adults. Adjusted for copeptin, the strength of the association between MDI score and IR somewhat diminished (to B=0.008). In conclusion, adolescence and psychological stress appear to influence the association between copeptin and IR.
In terms of the side effects of β-blockers and contrast media, there were no short term complications to CCTA. Furthermore, the radiation dose has been dramatically diminished over the last three years.
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