Feeding restriction is a strategy in shrimp farming management that may promote compensatory growth after feeding is re‐established. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two feeding restriction regimens on the compensatory growth and digestive enzymes activity of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system. Juvenile shrimp (0.46 ± 0.18 g) were stocked (320 individuals/m3) in 310 L tanks. The experiment comprised two phases: (a) Feeding Restriction (30 days) when shrimp were submitted to three feeding regimes, Control (fed daily), R1F1 (repetitively fasted one day and fed one day) and R2F1 (repetitively fasted 2 days and fed 1 day); and (b) Refeeding (28 days) when shrimp were fed daily. In the restriction phase, shrimp growth and digestive enzyme activities were reduced in R2F1 and R1F1. However, during the refeeding phase, enzyme activities and feed conversion improve significantly in R2F1 and R1F1. Control group attained higher final weight, but its final biomass was similar to R1F1. Litopenaeus vannamei exhibited partial compensatory growth, probably due to improved feed conversion efficiency driven by increased enzyme activity. It is possible to reduce feeding by 50% (R1F1) in biofloc systems for 28 days, without compromising the biomass produced at the end of a 30‐day refeeding period.
RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional e a adequação do consumo alimentar em pré-escolares e escolares de uma escola privada. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 216 crianças de uma escola privada localizada na região central da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram aferidos peso e altura e a partir disso calculado o índice de massa corporal, que foi analisado a partir das curvas de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Foi solicitado aos pais o preenchimento de um questionário de frequência alimentar para crianças. Resultados: A prevalência de desnutrição foi de 0,9%, sobrepeso 22,1% e obesidade 18,9%. Houve inadequação de consumo em todos os grupos com exceção do grupo alimentar de óleos e gorduras. Requerem especial atenção os grupos de hortaliças, frutas, carnes, ovos e doces. O maior consumo de hortaliças teve uma associação estatisticamente significativa com o baixo índice de massa corporal. Conclusão: São altos os índices de sobrepeso e obesidade na população estudada, além da inadequação de consumo, evidenciando a necessidade de ações educativas para essa população.
Palavras
Nutritional education programmes can achieve excellent results when appropriately applied. An education programme may be effective across different literacy levels.
BackgroundTwo parameters for assessment compliance in HD patients are interdialytic weight gain (IWG) and absences, both influenced by psychological and nutritional aspects.ObjectiveAchieve greater compliance by using Water Control Dynamic (Bucket Dynamic - BD) to clarify risks of excessive IWG.MethodBD was performed during HD session by nutritionist and psychologist in 48 HD patients to show that HD doesn’t eliminate fluids as a healthy kidney. Two buckets (B) are presented; one filled with water (B1) another empty (B2). Professional holds an 250 mL glass (represents fluids someone ingests), the other holds a 50 mL glass (represents HD fluid removal capacity). The 250 mL glass, one professional takes water from B1 and places it in the B2. Meanwhile, the other uses the 50 mL glass to take water from B2. This analogy demonstrates that HD doesn’t remove all liquid someone can drink. Hence, water intake control necessity. Nutritionist clarifies patients’ nutritional concerns, while the psychologist addresses emotional issues. We compared percentage of IWG and absences in two months before and after BD.ResultsAfter BD, we observed decreases in absences (7,2% X 5,7%) p < 0,05 and IWG (4,9% X 4.1%) p < 0,05. IWG was within recommended levels (3.5% to 5% of dry weight) before and after BD, but, before BD, IWG was at the upper limit of the recommendation.ConclusionWe believe this experience fostered self-control, resulting in better compliance, and allowed us to benefit from an innovative work interaction between health professionals from different areas.
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