Mycorrhizal fungi establish mutualistic associations with the majority of vascular plants. In orchids, mycorrhizal fungi favor the processes of seed germination, seedling establishment and adult plant development. Isolation and identification of fungi that occur in mycorrhizal associations with orchids can assist in the establishment of seedlings, the reintroduction of species in nature and large-scale production. In August 2008, roots from Cyrtopodium vernum were collected in the Biological Reserve Professor José Ângelo Rizzo, a 144-ha remnant forest in the city of Mossâmedes, GO. The predominant vegetation type in the area is cerrado rupestre, and species were found growing in rocky, dry and acidic soils with low fertility. The roots were used for the isolation of mycorrhizae and to obtain transverse and longitudinal histological cuts. Two genera of Rhizoctonia-like fungi were isolated and identified: Epulorhiza and Rhizoctonia, both frequently found in association with terrestrial and rupicolous orchids. Masses of hyphae, called pelotons, were observed in histological sections of the roots within the parenchymal cells of the cortex of the roots.

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