-(Desmid flora (Zygnemaphyceae, Desmidiales) of the Cascavel River, Western Paraná State, Brazil). This study aimed to perform the taxonomic survey of desmids of an important lotic ecosystem in the western region of Paraná State. Samples were collected monthly (July 2010 to June 2011), in three sampling stations from the Cascavel River, resulting in the identification of 60 taxa, belonging to 10 genera. The Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (29) and Closterium Nitzsch ex Ralfs (10) obtained the largest number of inventoried species. A total of 14 new citations were recorded for the Paraná State, distributed among genera Actinotaenium (Nägeli) Teiling (2), Cosmarium (7), Closterium (1), Micrasterias C. Agardh ex Ralfs (1), Pleurotaenium Nägeli (1), Staurastrum Meyen (1) and Staurodesmus Teiling (1). At the end of the study was observed that the total number of species identified, 83.9% were common to all three stations collected, 13.3% were recorded in the sampling stations 2 and 3, and 3.3% only at station 3.

This study aimed to document the Cosmarium (Desmiadiales, Zygnematophyceae) taxa at a subtropical stream located in an area adjacent to the Iguaçu National Park, an important environmental protection area in the further west of Paraná State. For this purpose, monthly samplings of periphytic material associated to Eleocharis minima Kunth were performed in the period of August 2012 to July 2013. This taxonomic inventory allowed the identification of 37 taxa at specific and infra-specific levels. There were 15 new records for Paraná State: Cosmarium bipunctatum Börgensen, C. clepsydra Nordstedt var. bicardia (Reinsch) Croasdale, C. crenatum var. crenatum Ralfs, C. difficile Lütkemüller var. dilatatum Borge, C. isthmochondrum var. isthmochondrum Nordstedt, C.obsoletum (Hantzsch) Reinsch var. obsoletum, C. ordinatum (Borge) West & West var. ordinatum, C.ornatum Ralfs var. ornatum f. ornatum, C. pseudoconnatum Nordstedt var. pluriradians Scott & Grönblad, C. pseudoretusum F. Ducell. var. pseudoretusum Krieger et Gerlof, C. pyramidatum var. borgei Krieger & Gerloff, C. regnellii var. minimum Eichler & Gutwinski, C. repandum var. minus (West & West) Krieger & Gerloff, C. securiforme Borge var. brasiliense Grönblad and C. variolatum var. variolatum Lundell.

-(Chlorococcales sensu latu (Chlorophyceae) from a subtropical lotic ecosystem, Paraná State, Brazil). This study aimed to perform the taxonomic survey of Chlorococcales from Cascavel River, municipality of Cascavel, Paraná State, Brazil. Samples of the biological material (periphytic, metaphytic and phytoplanktonic) were collected monthly from July 2010 to June 2011, in three sampling stations along of the river. This paper resulted in the identification of 30 taxa, belonging to 16 genera (Desmodesmus (8) and Pediastrum (4) were the ones that presented the largest number of species) and six taxonomic families. A total of five new citations were recorded for the Paraná State: Chlorotetraedron incus (Teiling) Kom, Desmodesmus pseudodenticulatus (Hegew.) Hegew., Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides (Naum.) Kom. & Perm., Oocystis marssonii Lemm. and Pediastrum duplex var. gracillimum West & G.S. West.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the taxonomic aspects and geographical distribution of the periphytic desmids from two different substrates in the littoral zone of an urban artificial lake. Methods Samples of epiphytic and epilithic desmids were collected by grass and rock scraping, respectively, in two stations in the Cascavel municipal lake, Paraná, during April 2015, and March 2016 and 2017. In the laboratory, the taxa obtained from the samples were photographed and their morphometric characteristics recorded. The species composition of the desmid was characterized, and the frequency of occurrence as well as the geographic distribution of each taxon in the Paraná State were recorded. Results We identified 35 taxa, distributed in 10 genera. The most representative were Closterium Nitzsch ex Ralfs and Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs. A high occurrence of sporadic taxa (60%) was observed and among the recorded taxa, the most frequent were Cosmarium pseudoconnatum Nordstedt var. pseudoconnatum and Desmidium grevillei (Kützing ex Ralfs) De Bary. Nine taxa were exclusive to the epilithic substrate and only Netrium digitus (Ralfs) Itzigsohn & Rothe var. digitus was exclusive to the epiphytic substrate, while the remaining 25 taxa occurred in both substrates. Seven taxa are new records for the Paraná State. Conclusion Although our results are of qualitative nature, they provide baseline data on the biogeographic distribution of taxa, which are crucial for future taxonomic and ecological studies that might contribute to the preservation of the biodiversity.

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-(The genus Euastrum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs (Desmidiaceae) in a subtropical stream adjacent to the Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná State, Brazil). This study aimed to document the species of Euastrum (Desmidiaceae) in a subtropical stream adjacent to an important environmental protection area, the Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, in the extreme west of Paraná State, Brazil. For this purpose, monthly samplings of periphytic material associated to Eleocharis minima Kunth were performed in the period between August 2012 and July 2013. This taxonomic inventory allowed the identification of 12 taxa at specific and infraespecific level. Eight new occurrences were recorded for Paraná State: Euastrum attenuatum var. splendens,

Given the extreme importance of understanding biodiversity in the contemporary context, this study performed a taxonomic survey of planktonic green algae from a subtropical river in Paraná state, broadening knowledge of the group’s geographic distribution and the environmental conditions related to its occurrence. Monthly samplings of phytoplanktonic material were carried out from February 2015 to January 2016, resulting in the identification of 26 taxa belonging to the classes Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, distributed among 16 genera and six taxonomic families. Among the taxa identified, seven are new citations for Paraná.

O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores.2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.www.atenaeditora.com.br APRESENTAÇÃOA obra "A produção do Conhecimento nas Ciências Biológicas" consiste de uma série de livros de publicação da Atena Editora. Com 21 capítulos o volume I apresenta uma visão holística e integrada da grande área das Ciências Biológicas, com produção de conhecimento que vai de biologia molecular à biologia da conservação. Assim, os conhecimentos apresentados nos capítulos permeiam distintas temáticas dessa área, como: biotecnologia, semicondutores, avaliação físico-química, controle de proliferações, atividade celulolítica, diversidade e taxonomia, jogos didáticos e ensino de biologia, educação ambiental, saúde e qualidade de vida e restauração ecológica.Essa amplitude de conhecimento é bem inerente às Ciências Biológicas, afinal, são tais ciências (biologia geral, genética, botânica, zoologia, ecologia, morfologia, fisiologia, bioquímica, biofísica, farmacologia, imunologia, microbiologia e parasitologia)que buscam entender as interações dos/entre diferentes seres vivos e também com o ambiente em que vivem, identificando os padrões de comportamento de cada um deles em relação as mais variadas condições ambientais e atividades antrópicas.Recentemente o renomado pesquisador Dr. Leandro Juen fez uma afirmativa extremamente coerente e condizente com a real situação da ciência no mundo: "nossa capacidade de gerar conhecimento é bem menor do que a velocidade da alteração e da degradação ambiental" e, em consequência disso, muitas espécies e formas eficazes de ensino serão perdidas até mesmo antes do conhecimento de suas existências/ funções pela ciência. Essa assertiva nos faz pensar o quanto não somente a ciência aplicada, mas também a básica, são fundamentais para amenizarmos essa situação.E "a produção do conhecimento nas Ciências Biológicas" traz ciência: da básica à/e/ou aplicada. Assim, inspirado em um artigo de Courchamp et al. (2015), convidamos todos a refletirem sobre a importância que a ciência básica exerce na "base" da produção de conhecimento, ou seja, estudos básicos são fundamentais para entendermos o nosso complexo mundo biológico.A Produção do Conhecimento nas Ciências Biológicas Capítulo 1