This study utilized resonant frequency vibration to the upper body to determine changes in pain, stiffness and isometric strength of the biceps brachii after eccentric damage. Thirty-one participants without recent resistance training were randomized into three groups: a Control (C) group and two eccentric exercise groups (No vibration (NV) and Vibration (V)). After muscle damage, participants in the V group received upper body vibration (UBV) therapy for 5 min on days 1–4. All participants completed a visual analog scale (VAS), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and shear wave elastography (SWE) of the bicep at baseline (pre-exercise), 24 h, 48 h, and 1-week post exercise. There was a significant difference between V and NV at 24 h for VAS (p = 0.0051), at 24 h and 1-week for MVIC (p = 0.0017 and p = 0.0016, respectively). There was a significant decrease in SWE for the V group from 24–48 h (p = 0.0003), while there was no significant change in the NV group (p = 0.9341). The use of UBV resonant vibration decreased MVIC decrement and reduced VAS pain ratings at 24 h post eccentric damage. SWE was strongly negatively correlated with MVIC and may function as a predictor of intrinsic muscle state in the time course of recovery of the biceps brachii.
There are various approaches to measuring muscle fatigue, including such simple measures as surveys for qualitative data, and measuring power output for quantitative data. Electromyography is consistently used to determine muscle fatigue. However, a quantitative measure of muscle recovery after exercise-induced damage is yet to be defined. The objective of this study is to measure the resonance frequency of a muscle group using a 3D laser vibrometer system and make a correlation with both elastography stiffness measurements, and with recovery of a muscle group based on standard muscle fatigue measurement techniques. Measurement of the resonance frequency of a muscle group has been successfully performed, and there is good reason to believe that the resonance frequency of the muscle group does shift after exercise-induced damage occurs. The main outcome of this study will determine whether the shift in resonance frequency of a muscle group can be used to track recovery after a damage protocol.
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