HighlightsDiffusion NMR used to characterise molecular mass distribution of pyrolysis oil components.PSYCHE-iDOSY experiments acquired on pyrolysis oil for the first time.Semi-automatic characterisation of water-soluble components using Chenomx™ Abstract By combining diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and pure shift NMR spectroscopy ((Pure Shift Yielded By Chirp Excitation (PSYCHE)) with 1D NMR metabolite assignment, we demonstrate an improved method for in situ analysis of pre and post-processed pyrolysis oil to quickly establish the most effective upgrading 3 procedure. These experiments use molecular mass estimations from DOSY and single component verification using PSYCHE to confirm the identity of metabolites and show how the mass pattern for pyrolysis oils varies depending on how it is upgraded.With the use of a semi-automatic approach for metabolite assignment, we have verified and quantified individual components, giving rise to a collection of potential 'marker compounds'; their changes in concentration being correlated to the upgrading process a pyrolysis oil undergoes.
The synthesis of a small number of bis(imino)anthracene derivatives is reported. They were evaluated via NMR for binding efficacy to the G-quadruplex-forming oligonucleotide sequence (TTGGGTT) and show activity against the HeLa cancer cell line.
The photo-production of vitamin D 1-3 takes place exclusively in the skin and once formed in the epidermis, diffuses to the dermal capillary bed, where it is transported to the liver by vitamin D binding protein. 4-6 Sufficient UVB (255-350 nm) levels to produce vitamin D 3 from its provitamin are typically only available during short periods of the day. Absorption by ozone, which varies depending on latitude, decreases the amount of UVB radiation that the skin is exposed to. In addition, the relationship between skin cancer and sun exposure has inadvertently caused a large decrease in vitamin D production because of UVB being absorbed by sunscreens and reduced sun exposure. There is also a significant effect from skin pigmentation, which leads, for example, to a much greater rate of vitamin D deficiency in dark-skinned people living at higher latitudes. 7-9 Ageing has also been shown to decrease the amount of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin. 10 Roles for vitamin D, in immunological functions, include an induction effect of Toll-like receptor 2 and its co-receptor CDl4, which initiates the innate immune response in the skin, leading to CYP27B1 and cathelicidin production. 11-14
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