The mainstream literature on skilled diasporas has focused on economically-induced professional migration and free-choice mobility of educational elites. I introduce the concept of conflict-induced displacement of skilled refugees (CIDSR) to study the skilled Syrian refugees as political migrants who flee from violence and conflict in their home countries. I use a cross-case analysis of seven OECD countries (Brazil, Canada, Germany, Mexico, Turkey, the U.K. and the U.S.) to prove that the Syrian CIDSR is a crisis but also an economic and political opportunity. OECD countries take advantage of the skilled refugees in order to maintain growth in their aging economies, solve brain drain caused by internal conflict, as well as to strengthen their status as moral powers.
Este artículo explora el aumento de la migración femenina calificada de México a Estados Unidos en las últimas tres décadas. El objetivo es presentar un panorama general de la inserción laboral de las migrantes mexicanas calificadas en aquel país, desde una perspectiva comparada con sus connacionales varones, las nativas blancas no hispanas y otras inmigrantes. Se usa una metodología mixta que incluye por un lado, un análisis estadístico de los niveles de participación económica y los grupos de ocupación principal; y por otro, un estudio cualitativo que incluyó entrevistas en profundidad con la población estudiada. Se encontró que las diferencias en la inserción laboral de las mujeres migrantes se explican por su nivel educativo, su origen étnico y por las diferencias de género. Las mujeres mexicanas se están integrando laboralmente en situación de desventaja con respecto a las nativas y otras mujeres inmigrantes, como son las provenientes de Asia.
This paper discusses the concept of co-development as related to diaspora diplomacy and its implications for public policies for skilled migration in the countries of origin. We consider the cases of two Asian countries – India and China - that stimulate migration as a way to relieve the lack of jobs and skilled population surplus, but which also have strong policies of networking and return. The case of Mexico is different since it is a country with less tradition in diaspora programs and Mexican expats tend to be more politically and culturally active than economically involved. In the three cases studied we find different problems relating to diaspora programs in accordance with their historical progress, such as poor results due to the lack of financial resources, inadequate institutional background or weak diaspora organization.
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