A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium was isolated from a sediment sample from the South Sea in China. The isolate, designated H2 T , grew at 4-45 6C (optimum 37 6C) and pH 6-10 (optimum pH 7.0). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained mesodiaminopimelic acid. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown aminophospholipid. The major fatty acid was iso-C 15 : 0 . The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H2 T was 44.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate formed a monophyletic clade with Bacillus firmus IAM 12464 T . DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and B. firmus ATCC 14575 T was low (27.5 %). Strain H2 T also had a phenotypic profile that readily distinguished it from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. It is evident from the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data that the organism should be classified in a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oceanisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H2 T (5CGMCC 1.10115 T 5JCM 16506 T ).The application of chemotaxonomic, numerical phenetic and molecular systematic methods has led to an improved description and a division of the genus Bacillus. Some species have been reclassified in novel genera or transferred to other genera (Ash et al., 1993;Stackebrandt & Liesack, 1993;Shida et al., 1996;Wainø et al., 1999;Nazina et al., 2001;Yoon et al., 2001;Albert et al., 2007;Zhou et al., 2009). Many of these reclassifications are well supported by relatively conserved phenotypic traits such as the quinone system, peptidoglycan composition and polar lipid and cellular fatty acid profiles (Albert et al., 2007). Falsibacillus is a newly described genus, which currently comprises a single species, Falsibacillus pallidus comb. nov., and is represented by the type strain, CW 7 T . The taxon F. pallidus comb. nov. is linked to the illegitimately named taxon Bacillus pallidus Zhou et al. 2008 and the creation of the genus Falsibacillus was primarily based on significant chemotaxonomic differences in comparison with the type species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis (Zhou et al., , 2009). The genus Bacillus currently encompasses more than 150 species with validly published names and contains at least six phylogenetically distinct groups on the basis of molecular analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences (Ash et al., 1991;Nielsen et al., 1994;Schlesner et al., 2001;Yoon et al., 2004;Carrasco et al., 2007). Members of the genus Bacillus have been isolated from a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial environments. A Gram-stain-positive bacterium, strain H2 T , was isolated during an ecological survey of marine organisms in China and found to have morphological properties consistent with the genus Bacillus.Strain H2 T was isolated from a marine sediment collected at a depth of 823 m in the South Sea, China. A standard dilution-plating technique was used to ...
Microvirga guangxiensis sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium from soil, and emended description of the genus Microvirga A Gram-negative-staining bacterium, designated strain 25B T , was isolated from a soil sample from a rice field in Guangxi Province, China, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Cells were rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, non-motile and strictly aerobic. Strain 25B T grew optimally at 37 6C and pH 7.0. The predominant fatty acids of this soil isolate were C 18 : 1 v7c, C 19 : 0 cyclo v8c and C 16 : 0 . Phylogenetic analysis based on the almostcomplete 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 25B T formed a monophyletic clade with the type strain of Microvirga subterranea; the two organisms shared 97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. However, the two strains shared low DNA-DNA relatedness. Strain 25B T was also readily distinguishable from Microvirga subterranea DSM 14364 T by various phenotypic characteristics. The combination of genotypic and phenotypic data suggests that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Microvirga, for which the name Microvirga guangxiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 25B T (5CGMCC 1.7666 T 5JCM 15710 T ).The genus Microvirga was established by Kanso & Patel (2003) to accommodate strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporulating, motile and rod-shaped bacteria from free-flowing geothermal waters of a bore tapping the Great Artesian Basin of Australia, which grew optimally at 41 u C and pH 7.0 and had an absolute requirement for yeast extract. The genus currently encompasses a single species with a validly published name, Microvirga subterranea, and is assigned to the class Alphaproteobacteria, phylum Proteobacteria (Garrity & Holt, 2001;Garrity et al., 2005a), almost equidistant from Methylobacterium species (Patt et al., 1976;Urakami et al., 1993) Egli et al., 1988) and Bosea thiooxidans (Das et al., 1996), its nearest phylogenetic relatives, with a mean similarity value of 93 %., Chelatococcus asaccharovorans (AulingA sampling campaign during an ecological survey of soil bacteria in China led to the isolation of a pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 25B T . The soil sample (10 cm in depth, pH 6.2) was collected from a rice field in Guangxi Province. A glucose-yeast extract-malt extract (GYM) agar plate (comprising, l 21 : 4 g D-glucose, 4 g yeast extract, 10 g malt extract, 15 g agar; pH 7.3) was inoculated with a suspension of the soil and incubated at 37 u C for 7 days. The isolate that was obtained, strain 25B T , was maintained on LB agar (l 21 : 10 g tryptone, 5 g yeast extract, 10 g NaCl, 15 g agar; pH 7.0) at 4 u C and as glycerol suspensions (20 %, v/v) at 220 u C. Biomass for the chemotaxonomic and molecular systematic studies was prepared as described previously (Zhang et al., 2002) with the modification that the strain was grown in shake flasks of LB broth.Micromorphological and colonial properties of strain 25B T were examined on LB agar, Rourf's agar (Mulder & Deinema, 1992) and ...
A Gram-positive, aerobic bacterium, strain SA6T , was isolated from marine sediment taken at a depth of 20 cm on the seashore of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China. Strain SA6 T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, no diagnostic sugars, type PIII phospholipids, and MK-10(H 2 ) and MK-10(H 4 ) as the predominant menaquinones. The organism showed a range of chemical and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardiopsis. The almostcomplete 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SA6 T was aligned with corresponding sequences of representatives of the genus Nocardiopsis and related taxa by using two tree-making algorithms. Strain SA6 T formed a distinct phyletic line within the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Nocardiopsis and was related most closely to the type strain of Nocardiopsis lucentensis. Strain SA6 T could be distinguished from its nearest phylogenetic relatives in the genus Nocardiopsis based on DNA-DNA relatedness data and a combination of phenotypic properties. Strain SA6
A Gram-positive, acid-fast and rapidly growing rod, designated F4 T , was isolated from a soil sample of Haikou in China. The isolate shared 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Mycobacterium monacense B9-21-178 T , 96.2 % hsp65 sequence similarity with M. monacense FI-05352 and 79.6 % 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer sequence similarity with M. monacense B9-21-178 T . DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and M. monacense DSM 44395 T was 43.5 %. The morphological analysis and physiological tests also showed that the isolate differed from any strain reported to date. The mycolic acid profile and the cellular fatty acid composition were also determined. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, it was concluded that strain F4 T (5CGMCC 4.5724 T 5JCM 17423 T ) merited classification as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Mycobacterium litorale sp. nov. is proposed.The genus Mycobacterium is represented by a wide range of species. It is a heterogeneous group in terms of occurrence in clinical and environmental materials, complex phenotypic and genetic data and association with disease. The genus was first described by Lehmann and Neumann in 1896, with Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the type species (Skerman et al., 1980). The genus comprises 149 recognized species and has two main divisions: slowly growing and rapidly growing species. Rapidly growing mycobacteria are increasingly recognized as a cause of human infections. This group of mycobacteria is heterogeneous in terms of epidemiology, clinical disease spectrum and drug susceptibility. Therefore, it is important to identify rapidly growing mycobacteria to the species level, but their identification by conventional biochemical methods is limited. In recent years, the development of molecular techniques has led to a more accurate description of the genus Mycobacterium. To overcome the limitations of conventional methods, several molecular analyses based on housekeeping genes, such as the 16S rRNA gene (Rogall et al., 1990;Springer et al., 1996), hsp65 (Kim et al., 2005 and the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (Roth et al., 1998), have been used for species identification.Strain F4 T was isolated from a soil sample collected from the seashore of Haikou, Hainan Province, China. Soil (1 g) was suspended in distilled water (100 ml), serially diluted, spread on ISP 2 (Shirling & Gottlieb, 1966) and incubated at 37 u C for 3 days. Strain F4 T was maintained on LB agar (Stanier et al., 1966) at 4 u C and stored in 20 % (v/v) glycerol at 220 u C.Standard biochemical tests were performed. Cultures were grown on LB agar, Sauton's medium and tryptone soy agar (TSA) at 37 u C. The isolate was examined for colony morphology and pigmentation after 3 days on LB agar at 37 uC. Gram-staining was performed using the methods of Smibert & Krieg (1994). Acid fastness was studied using modified Kinyoun acid-fast stains (Berd, 1973). Hydrolysis of urea was determined in the following liquid ...
A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain NH3T, was isolated from a sediment sample from the South China Sea and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 9. Strain NH3T had cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The cellular fatty acid profile included significant amounts of iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain NH3T was 40.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain NH3T was a member of rRNA group 6 of the genus Bacillus, which includes alkalitolerant, alkaliphilic and halotolerant species. The closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus akibai 1139T (96.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), B. pseudofirmus DSM 8715T (96.76 %), B. okhensis Kh10-101T (96.76 %) and B. alkalidiazotrophicus MS 6T (96.47 %). Strain NH3T could be distinguished from these phylogenetically close neighbours based on a number of phenotypic properties. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, we conclude that strain NH3T ( = CGMCC 1.10116T = JCM 16507T) merits classification as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Bacillus nanhaiisediminis sp. nov. is proposed.
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