The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), associated or not with fluoride (F), on the concentrations of F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) and on the pH of mixed biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, before and after exposure to sucrose. The biofilms received three treatments (72, 78, and 96 h after the beginning of their formation), at three TMP concentrations (0.25, 0.5, or 1%), with or without F at 500 ppm. Solutions containing 500 and 1,100 ppm F as well as artificial saliva were also tested as controls. Biofilm pH was measured and the concentrations of F, Ca, and P were determined (solid and fluid phases). In a parallel experiment, after the third treatment (96 h), the biofilms were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution to simulate a cariogenic challenge and the pH of the medium, F, Ca, P, and TMP were determined. The data were submitted by two-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher’s least significant difference test (p < 0.05). Treatment with TMP and 500 ppm F led to higher F concentration in the biofilm fluid. Although TMP did not affect Ca concentrations, biofilms treated with TMP alone presented higher P concentrations. Treatment with 1% TMP and F led to the highest pH values of the biofilm, both before and after the cariogenic challenge. It was concluded that TMP increases F and P in the biofilm and that its presence promotes an increase in the pH of the medium, even after the cariogenic challenge.

In order to improve the anticaries effects of fluoridated products, the supplementation of these products has been considered a promising alternative for caries control. This study evaluated the effects of sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) and/or fluoride (F) on the inorganic components and pH of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms. The biofilms were treated 72, 78, and 96 h after the beginning of their formation with 0.25, 0.5, or 1% HMP-containing solutions with or without F (500 ppm, as sodium fluoride). F-containing solutions (500 ppm and 1100 ppm) and artificial saliva were used as controls. The biofilms were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution after the third treatment. Along with the biofilm pH, the concentrations of F, calcium, phosphorus (P), and HMP were determined. HMP, combined with F, increased F levels and decreased P levels in the biofilm fluid compared to that of the solution with 500 ppm F. Exposure to sucrose decreased the concentrations of all ions in the biomass, except for HMP; 1% HMP, combined with F, promoted the highest pH. It can be concluded that HMP affected the inorganic composition of the biofilm and exerted a buffering effect on the biofilm pH.

Objectives This in vitro study aimed to characterize the superficial and subsurface morphology of dental enamel treated with fluoridated gels containing different biomimetic compounds after erosive challenge. Materials and Methods Bovine incisor teeth were sectioned to obtain enamel blocks (4 mm × 4 mm × 6 mm; n = 5) that were demineralized to create an artificial caries lesion and treated by pH cycling interspersed with exposure to fluoridated toothpaste slurries under agitation. During pH cycling (demineralization and remineralization for 2 and 22 hours, respectively) for 6 days, the enamel blocks were exposed to toothpaste slurries under agitation with one of the dental gels: Regenerate Enamel Science (NR-5 technology), Daily Regenerator Dental Clean (REFIX technology), and Sensodyne Repair & Protect (Novamin technology). The enamel blocks were subjected to an erosive challenge, immersed in 50% citric acid for 2 minutes, and then washed with plenty of distilled water. The surface and cross-sectional micromorphology were assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The elemental analyses (weight percentage) were determined with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results Enamel treated with the product containing REFIX technology presented a smoother surface morphology compared to the other treatments. The higher resistance to the erosive challenge can be attributed to a silicon-enriched mineral layer formed on the enamel induced by the REFIX-based toothpaste. This was not observed in the specimens treated with the other technology-containing toothpastes. Conclusion The REFIX technology seemed to be the most promising compared to the Novamin and NR-5 technologies. In addition to forming a surface mineralized layer, the enamel treated with REFIX technology associated with the pH cycling resisted a subsequent erosive challenge.

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Resistance of Candida species to conventional therapies has motivated the development of antifungal nanocarriers based on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) coated with chitosan (CS). This study evaluates the effects of IONPs-CS as carriers of miconazole (MCZ) or fluconazole (FLZ) on microcosm biofilms. Pooled saliva from two healthy volunteers supplemented with C. albicans and C. glabrata was the inoculum for biofilm formation. Biofilms were formed for 96 h on coverslips using the Amsterdam Active Attachment model, followed by 24 h treatment with nanocarriers containing different concentrations of each antifungal (78 and 156 µg/mL). MCZ or FLZ (156 µg/mL), and untreated biofilms were considered as controls. Anti-biofilm effects were evaluated by enumeration of colony-forming units (CFUs), composition of the extracellular matrix, lactic acid production, and structure and live/dead biofilm cells (confocal laser scanning microscopy-CLSM). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher LSD’s test (α = 0.05). IONPs-CS carrying MCZ or FLZ were the most effective treatments in reducing CFUs compared to either an antifungal agent alone for C. albicans and MCZ for C. glabrata. Significant reductions in mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus spp. were shown, though mainly for the MCZ nanocarrier. Antifungals and their nanocarriers also showed significantly higher proportions of dead cells compared to untreated biofilm by CLSM (p < 0.001), and promoted significant reductions in lactic acid, while simultaneously showing increases in some components of the extracellular matrix. These findings reinforce the use of nanocarriers as effective alternatives to fight oral fungal infections.

A área odontológica vem sendo abordada constantemente pela mídia, seja direta ou indiretamente, e isso é esperado, considerando-se que a odontologia não foge do contexto social. O fato é como e quais informações os veículos de comunicação vêm emitindo, e também como a sociedade vem absorvendo essas informações. Considerando esses fatores, o presente estudo traz uma revisão de literatura que objetivou agregar os pontos de representatividade social da odontologia sob a visão da mídia, além de identificar possíveis resultados desta abordagem para o contexto social da profissão odontológica e consequências sobre a perspectiva de promoção de saúde e relação profissional-paciente. Esta revisão constatou que a veiculação pela mídia de elementos relacionados à odontologia necessita de vários avanços, visto que os paradigmas que tangem a imagem do profissional odontológico acarreta danos no cenário de promoção de saúde bucal, sendo desfavorável tanto para a sociedade quanto para a classe odontológica.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a experiência de cárie em crianças de 3-5 anos de idade, em escolas públicas de Porto Velho-RO, através dos índices epidemiológicos preconizados pela OMS (ceo-s e ceo-d). Crianças (­n=280) foram examinadas após escovação supervisionada, utilizando espátulas de madeira e sob iluminação artificial. O coeficiente kappa obtido (concordância interexaminador) foi de 0,95. Os índices ceo-s e ceo-d médios obtidos foram de 4,75 e 2,77, respectivamente, considerando todas as crianças, observando um aumento nestes índices de acordo com a idade. Em relação ao gênero, os índices correspondentes foram 5,01 e 2,71 para meninos e 4,54 e 2,82 para meninas. O componente “cariado” foi responsável por 98 e 90% dos índices ceo-s e ceo-d, respectivamente. Verificou-se alta incidência de cárie, sugerindo a necessidade de direcionar a esta população uma abordagem preventiva e curativa mais abrangente, com políticas de prevenção mais eficientes, atendendo às necessidades da população estudada.Descritores: Cárie Dentária; Saúde Bucal; Criança; Índice CPO; Inquéritos Epidemiológicos.ReferênciasSheiham A, James WPT. Diet and dental caries: the pivotal role of free sugars reemphasized. J Dent Res. 2015;94(10):1341-47.Moynihan PJ, Kelly SA. Effect on caries of restricting sugars intake: systematic review to inform WHO guidelines. J Dent Res. 2014;   93(1):8-18.Fraiz FC, Walter LRF. Study of the factors associated with dental caries in children who receive early dental care. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2001;15(3):201-7.Silva PVD, Troiano JA, Nakamune ACMS, Pessan JP, Antoniali C. Increased activity of the antioxidants systems modulate the oxidative stress in saliva of toddlers with early childhood caries. 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