Biogas is one renewable energy that could be used as an alternative energy. In accordance to the increasing energy demand, cow dung could be used as source to produce biogas as fuel or bioslurry. Biogas is produced through fermentation process, where methan (CH4) gas is the main product. This research aims were to designed and constructed cow dung digester and to understand the methan gas production. The fermentation process was conducted by anaerobic using microbacteria. This research was conducted using experimental method by applying randomized block design based on laboratorium and on field experiments. Three treatments were used in this experiment, i.e., 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 using three replication with observed parameter of temperature, pressure, production rate, and density of methan gas. Observation was done in 2 days respectively at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. Total unit Keywords: digester, methan (CH4) gas, cow dung ABSTRAKBiogas adalah salah satu energi terbarukan yang dapat digunakan sebagai energi alternatif. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan energi limbah (kotoran sapi) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu bahan pembuatan biogas, baik sebagai bahan bakar maupun bioslurry. Proses pembuatan biogas melalui proses fermentasi yang menghasilkan gas metana (CH4) sebagai produk utama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari desain dan konstruksi alat digester serta mengetahui secara ilmiah proses produksi gas metana. Proses fermentasi dilakukan secara anaerobik oleh mikrobia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) berdasarkan percobaan di laboratorium dan di lapangan dengan 3 (tiga) perlakuan (air : kotoran), yakni perlakuan 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1 diulang 3 (tiga) kali, kemudian diukur parameter-parameter penelitian: suhu, tekanan gas, laju produksi gas metana (CH4) dan massa jenis. Pengamatan dilaksanakan selama 2 hari, yakni pada jam berturutturut 0, 12, 24, 36, dan 48 jam. Total unit percobaan sebanyak 18 unit. Pada percobaan di lapangan diperoleh hasil analisis laju produksi gas metana antara pendekatan teoritis (stoikiometri) dengan eksperimental diperoleh kesesuaian pada perlakuan sampel 2:1 dengan nilai rata-rata % ERMS < 10% (valid) dengan kata lain menunjukkan bahwa persamaan stoikiometri berlaku untuk kondisi perlakuan encer. Lebih jauh pada aspek kinetika, dalam penentuan konstanta produksi gas metana
Generally, marination time at home industry of dried meat "jerky" in NTB province was conducted up to 18 hours at room temperature, which promote the growth of foodborne pathogen. This research was aimed to determine the effective and efficient marination time to produce a good quality of jerky. A previous study showed that 2.5% of liquid smoke Grade 1 was recommended to be used in traditional jerky processing. Therefore, the concentration was used for marination of sliced meat in traditional spices for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 hours at room temperature. Data analyses were conducted using ANOVA. The results indicated that marination time has significant effect on the chemical qualities (water, protein content and pH), however no significant effect was observed on the ash content. In addition, a hedonic test exhibited that marination time influenced the color, taste and flavor of the traditional jerky. However, it had no effect on the jerky's texture. Direct plating analyses indicated that marination time influenced the number of total microbes (<1.0 x 10 2 (CFU/gram), coliform and molds (<1.0 x 10 1 CFU/gram). In conclusion, the best traditional jerky quality was resulted from 3 hours of marination. The jerky had 11.77% of water content; 4.66% of ash; 48, 54% of protein and pH of 5.5. In general, 3 hours marination time exhibited a good acceptance on the parameter of SNI 01-2908-1992, i.e. color (black towards brownish), texture (biteable) and flavor (smoky flavor/barbeque) as well as, safe for consumption.
Purpose of this study was to test the performance of multifunctional four-wheel hand tractors through testing on its two functions Keywords: efficiency, field capacity, four-wheel hand tractors ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan uji performansi traktor tangan roda empat multifungsi melalui pengujian pada dua fungsi, yakni sebagai mesin pengolahan tanah dan penyiangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Aik Ampat Kecamatan Gerung Kabupaten Lombok Barat dengan menggunakan traktor tangan roda empat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental yang dilakukan di lapangan. Parameter yang diukur adalah kapasitas lapang aktual, kapasitas lapang teorotis, waktu hilang, efisiensi pengolahan tanah, dan efisiensi penyiangan dengan menggunakan empat variasi kecepatan dan tiga kali ulangan untuk tiap kecepatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, semakin rendah kecepatan, nilai kapasitas lapang teoritis (Kt) semakin rendah. Nilai kapasitas lapang aktual (Ka) tertinggi terdapat pada kecepatan 6 km/jam, sebesar 0,14312 ha/jam untuk 1 bajak dan 0,11314 ha/jam untuk 3 bajak. Waktu hilang tertinggi pada pengolahan
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