In this work, the effect of Cu content on the microstructures, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Nb-V added microalloyed powder metallurgy (PM) steels were investigated. Microalloyed steel samples were pressed at 750 MPa and sintered at 1400oC in argon atmosphere for 1 h. The grain size and phase distribution of the microalloy steels were determined by optical microscope. The precipitates and fracture surface of samples were analyzed with the help of SEM and EDS analyses. Tensile test, hardness test and electrical conductivity measurement were carried out for the Nb-V added microalloyed steel with different Cu content. Results indicated that 10 wt.% Cu added PM microalloyed steel showed the highest values in yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). However, when the amount of Cu content increased from 10 to 15 wt.%, YS and UTS decreased. Elongation also tends to decrease with increasing Cu content. Although the electrical conductivity in general increased with the addition of Cu, a decrease in some conductivity was observed in the addition of 15 wt.% Cu.
It was observed that approximately 10% of the fuel remains trapped in the fuel tank unable to be used during operation of cars on fields with an elevation difference of up to 25 ̊ in x and y directions. To overcome this problem, a new type of fuel tank is designed which is based on the idea of implementing a movable partition in the fuel tank that will work to push the fuel within the tank towards the suction pump as the fuel in the tank is drained through car use. In this paper, the mathematical model of the fuel tank was found and the transfer function was given in terms of the amount of fluid inside the tank and the displacement of the partition. In addition, from the transfer function, the pole-zero map of the system and the root-locus were drawn. Finally, a PID controller was designed.
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