Objectives: To Evaluate the effect of messenger ribonucleic acid )mRNA( vaccines developed for the coronavirus disease-19 )COVID-19( on ovarian reserve. Methods:This prospective cross sectional study was carried out between June and September 2021, in the Gynecology Polyclinics of a tertiary hospital, Ankara, Turkey, with 60 patients. Patients between the ages of 25-30 years old, who applied to the gynecology outpatient clinic and who were considering mRNA vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were included in the study group, and those who did not plan to be vaccinated were included in the control group. Anti-müllerian hormone )AMH( was examined before vaccination )1-5 days before vaccination( and within 60-90 days after vaccination. In the unvaccinated group, AMH was examined once. Results:The mean age of the study group was 27.30±1.66 and of the control group was 27.40±1.69 )p<0.05(. Post-vaccine AMH values of the study and controlOriginal Article groups were similar )p>0.05(. There was no statistically significant difference between pre-vaccine and postvaccine AMH values in the study group )p>0.05(. Conclusion:It is of great value that people who are planning pregnancy and who have hesitation regarding the effect of vaccines on ovarian reserve should be carefully informed that vaccines, which are one of the most important means of fighting against COVID-19 infection, have no effect on AMH levels. Prospective larger studies with a longer follow-up period are needed to confirm our results.
Background/Aim: Oxidative stress is known to increase in patients receiving anesthesia before undergoing surgery. Since newborns are more sensitive to oxygen-free radicals, the effects and characteristics of anesthesia methods that are used for pregnant women require analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of spinal and general anesthesia on oxidative stress by investigating thiol disulfide and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) concentrations in the cord blood of patients undergoing cesarean section (C-section) via spinal or general anesthesia. Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study included 60 patients who were indicated for elective cesarean section. Patients with chronic disease, pregnancy complications and/or required emergency cesareans were not included. Group 1 (n = 30) underwent general anesthesia, and Group 2 (n = 30) underwent spinal anesthesia during their C-sections. Thiol–disulfide levels were evaluated concurrently in all blood samples taken from the umbilical artery remaining on the placental side. Results: The mean age (SD) of the mothers was 30.6 (4.4) years and the mean gestational age (SD) was 39.0 (0.9) weeks. Gestational age, birth weight, and first and fifth min Apgar scores of the two groups were similar. The mean (SD) native thiol (362.4 [63.8]; 323.2 [45.8]), total thiol (409.6 [70.2]; 363.5 [46.1]), and disulfide values (23.6 (5.4); 20.2 (4.3)) were significantly higher in group 1 than group 2, while the median (interquartile range [IQR]) values of IMA (0.89 (0.85-max 0.92); 0.85 (min 0.82-max 0.879) were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: As general anesthesia may cause a higher degree of oxidative stress, selecting the appropriate anesthetic technique may be especially important for risky pregnancies in which increased oxidative stress in the mother and baby may be critical for the outcome.
Background/Aim: Fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) is the most frequent benign breast disease. Increased estrogen and decreased progesterone concentrations are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of FBD. But there is insufficient data on benign breast disease and endometrial pathology. This study evaluates the association between FBD and endometrial pathology in women complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective case-control study. The medical records of women who had endometrial sampling for abnormal uterine bleeding between 2018 and 2020 were evaluated. Patients with FBD were included in the study group, while the first patients who had endometrial sampling after patients with FBD and without breast disease were recruited as the control group. Demographic, laboratory data, and endometrial histopathological results were obtained from hospital records and compared between the groups. Results: In total, 250 women (106 women with FBD and 144 without breast disease) were recruited for the study. There was no statistically significant difference in mean age, gravidity, parity, and BMI between FBD and control groups. Endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (19.8% versus 10.5%, respectively, P = 0.037) and endometrial polyp (12.2% versus 4.8%, respectively, P = 0.033) were found to be significantly increased in patients with FBD than women without the disease. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of other histopathological results between the groups. Conclusion: Evaluation of the endometrium for abnormal uterine bleeding is essential for early diagnosis and treatment of endometrial pathology, especially for endometrial cancer. In this study, we found that women with FBD have an increased risk for endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyp. As endometrial hyperplasia is a precursor lesion for endometrial cancer, clinicians should pay attention to and investigate menstrual bleeding abnormalities of women with FBD and should not delay the evaluation of the endometrium.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Covid-19 infection on early pregnancy losses within one year before pregnancy. Material-Method: The study is a prospective descriptive study that was carried out between 01.03.2021 and 01.09.2021, in the Obstetrics Outpatient clinic of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Gynecology, Child Health, and Diseases Training and Research Hospital. Among the pregnant women between the ages of 18-35 who came for their first control due to obstetric follow-up, the pregnant women in the first trimester who stated that they had Covid-19 infection within one year before pregnancy, were in the study group (n=150), and the pregnant women in the first trimester who did not have a history of Covid-19 infection before pregnancy was also included in the control group (n=150). The pregnant women were followed up to the 20th gestational week and the early pregnancy loss rates of the two groups (spontaneous abortion at 0.05). In the study group, it was determined that the pregnant women who did not experience a pregnancy loss had an average of 6.04±2.94 months before pregnancy, and the pregnant women who had a pregnancy loss had an average of 6.75±3.15 months before the Covid-19 infection, and no statistically significant difference was observed (p>0, 05). Conclusion: Although there was no relationship between pre-conceptional Covid-19 infection and early pregnancy loss in the study, considering the effect of Covid-19 infection on placental vasculopathy, its relationship with early pregnancy loss should be clarified with larger prospective studies. In this regard,expectant mothers should be guided and their anxiety should be ameliorated at least in the pre-pregnancy period.
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