A new and promising dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) bilayer design was developed using an Fe2+/Fe3+ (ferrocene) liquid electrolyte and natural dyes extracted from Hypericum perforatum, Rubia tinctorum L. and Reseda luteola. The photovoltaic parameters controlling the device performance were then investigated. A DSSC based on quercetin dye displayed the most efficient solar to electricity conversion efficiency compared with other dyes with a maximum η value of 2.17%. Maximum overall conversion efficiencies under simulated sunlight that was comparable to natural photosynthesis were increased by 15%. The identification of appropriate additives for improving V OC without causing dye degradation may result in further enhancement of cell performance, making the practical application of such systems more suitable for achieving economically viable solar energy devices.

In this study, nine different natural dyes having various anchoring groups were extracted from various plants and used as photo-sensitizers in DSSC applications. The photovoltaic parameters were investigated as a function of these anchoring groups.

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