The satellite structure of core photoelectron and Auger lines of the copper dihalides are explained in terms of final-state energies diminished by Coulomb interactions between the valence electrons and the created core hole or holes. The satellite structure in the 3p and valence-band photoelectron spectra are shown to originate from the same final states as the L3M23M45 and L3M45M45 main Auger lines. The energies of the main core lines are shown to yield information about the valence ligand binding energies and therefore are sensitive to chemical shifts. The satellite lines are rather insensitive to chemical shifts but their intensities yield information concerning the relative positions of the Cu 3d and ligand valence holes and the amount of hybridization. In terms of the core line photoelectron and Auger spectra we show that an assignment can be made of the valence-band spectra. From a combination of all the results we conclude that especially CuC12 and CuBr2 are strongly covalent and we predict that in CuI2 the valence hole would be predominantly in the I Sp level which is probably the reason why this material is not stable-,
The hyperfine structure in the odd-parity 6snh (9 S n S 40) Rydberg series of barium has been investigated, using a single cw ring dye laser and a beam of neutral atoms in the metastable 5d 2 'G4 state. Owing to small fine-structure splitting, this hyperfine structure is dominated by the Fermi contact interaction of the 6s electron already at n = 12. The hyperfine-structure analysis results in a determination of the complete fine structure of the 6snh series as well as in values for the singlet-triplet mixing in the 6snh J =5 states. The 6snh series turn out to be perturbed by levels of the 5d4f configuration; J = 4 and J = 5 levels of this configuration have been observed. The Rydberg series perturbations are analyzed, using multichannel quantum-defect theory in the shifted R-matrix formalism. Far from the 5d4f perturbers, the 6snh configuration is almost purely jj coupled.
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