We discuss, for the d and f transition metals, the competition between atomiclike electrostatic Coulomb and exchange interactions and loss of atomic characteristics in the solid through screening of f and d charge fluctuations and hybridization. We derive semiempirical relations describing these interactions for the 3d, 4d, 5d, 4f, and 5 f elements in the environment of a metallic host. We then compare these to the hybridization widths, also semiempirically determined, and arrive at conclusions concerning the localization of the d or f electrons and the formation of magnetic moments.We show that some of the light actinides can exhibit negative U' behavior dependent on their valence in the solid. We argue that some d transition metals may belong to the same group if properly alloyed.
The density of states of Pd in Cu given by impurity calculations is shown to be incompatible with the observed profile of Pd Auger transitions. Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure experiments show that there is a local expansion of the lattice around Pd impurities in Cu but not in Ag. An analysis of the influence of the local lattice expansion on the electronic structure of CuPd alloys shows that it leads to a reduction in the intensity of the Pd density of states at the bottom of the band and yields a Pd density of states in good agreement with the observed Auger profile.
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