The study was undertaken to assess the application of myco-fabricated silver nanoparticles in the adsorption of Malachite green and Trypan blue from an aqueous solution. The cell biomass suspensions of fungal endophytes isolated from the leaves of Mannihot esculenta and Carica papaya were used in the silver nanoparticles. The method involved in nanoparticles characterization, decolourization and adsorption treatment efficacy used UV-spectroscopy FT-IR, XRD and SEM, spectrophotometric analysis and phytotoxicity testing. The result revealed that the endophyte strains PDA 1 and PDA 2 were identified as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. There was colour change from colourless to dark brown revealing the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles due to the formation of clumps after 24 hr. The peaks observed in FT-IR spectra reflect the role of metabolites (functional groups) which act as capping and reducing agents. The UV-Vis spectral result showed the maximum peak of PDA 1 to be 620 nm at 0.933 absorbance while that of PDA 2 were 300 nm and 450 nm at 0.684 absorbance revealing the surface plasmon resonance. The XRD peaks of the nanoparticles were clearly distinguishable and broad indicating an ultra-fine nature. The microscopic characterization of PDA 1 and PDA 2 showed the presence of flake type, a smooth and irregularly shaped granulated compact powder with bright facets. The results of the decolourization profile showed that the adsorption efficiencies of both dyes were significantly concentration and time-dependent (P < 0.05). These findings suggest the potential of these nanoparticles in the environmental remediation of harmful dyes
Conventional soil remediation has been known to be expensive treatment. Thus, various strategies have been opted to investigate cost-effective solution to contaminated sites and an example is bio-stimulation. The study investigated effect of organic and inorganic nutrients on soil biological indicators of dieselcontaminated soil. The parameters investigated include determination of pH, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, total organic carbon, moisture content, temperature, baseline, soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity, urease activity, soil microbial biomass carbon, protease activity, germination index (GI), total viable count technique (THBC and TCHUB), microscopic and biochemical characteristics in 56th days experimental period. The result revealed that the soil is neutral to slightly alkaline in pH, moderate in conductivity, low in nitrate, phosphate and total organic carbon contents, high in moisture content with moderate (mesophilic) temperature. The result of baseline study also revealed that soil respiration is 99.30 s days, dehydrogenase activity is 02.69 µg TPFg -1 dm (24 hr) -1 ), microbial biomass carbon is 02.69 mg/kg, urease activity is 24.52 µmol N-NH4 / g 2 hrs, protease activity is 36.66 µg / ml, GI is 09.24 %, THBC is 06.53 logCFU /g and TCHUB 06.73 logCFU /g. There were significant effect (P < 0.05) on dehydrogenase activities, urease activities, total heterotrophic bacteria counts (THBC) and total culturable hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria counts (TCHUBC) respectively but no significant effect (P > 0.05) on soil respiration, soil microbial biomass carbon, protease activity and germination index respectively by the organic and inorganic nutrients. There was negative and positive correlations between germination index, microbial count and other biological indicators measured. More so, the result revealed that the hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial isolates were Aeromonas sp., Serratia fonticola, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus and Corynebacterium sp. Thus, application of organic and inorganic nutrients sources is suggested as a good strategy for bioremediation of diesel impacted soil.
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