Paneer is an Indian traditional milk product which occupies an important place as a base product for the production of various culinary preparations. The shelflife of paneer is a major constraint in its utilization. Lactoferrin, a member of transferrin family of proteins, is one of the most important milk proteins naturally found in the milk of mammals and is an iron-binding glycoprotein which has antimicrobial properties. Studies were conducted on incorporation of lactoferrin at different levels (10, 15 & 20 ppm) in paneer. It was observed that, as the level of lactoferrin in the product increased, there was a significant decrease in the bacterial growth when compared to the control; thereby increasing the shelflife of paneer. Lactoferrin-treated paneer, up to 20 ppm showed an increase in shelf life up to 7 days at room temperature (30 o C) and 15 days at refrigerated temperature (4 o C) compared with the control with a shelf life of 2 days at 30 o C and 7 days at 4 o C, respectively. Similarly, as the level of lactoferrin increases, paneer had significantly higher hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness. The sensory evaluation of the paneer samples treated with 20 ppm lactoferrin was acceptable up to 7 days at ambient temperature and up to 15 days at refrigerated temperature.
An investigation was carried out at AICRP on cotton scheme, Chamarajanagar, Karnataka during kharif season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to evaluate the bio-efficacy of pyriproxifen 10% EW against sucking insect pests of cotton viz., whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind), and leafhopper (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida). The study indicated that spraying of pyriproxifen 10% EW @ 200 g.a.i/ha has recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (19.43 q/ha) with maximum per cent reduction in whiteflies (95.28%), aphids (90.04%), thrips (98.78%) and leafhoppers (94.40%), respectively. Followed by spraying pyriproxifen 10% EW at 125 g.a.i/ha. However, all the insecticide treated plots were superior in reducing the pest load as compared to un treated control.
Statistical correlation coefficient is a measure that denotes the magnitude and direction of interrelationship between any two casually related variables. The information on the genotypic and phenotypic inter-relationship of cane yield and sugar yield with their component characters interest would be of immense help to the sugarcane breeder. The character association will also help in the selection of superior genotypes from divergent population based on more than one interrelated characters. However, correlation coefficients, sometimes, may be misleading and thus, need to be partitioned into direct and indirect effects. It is important for a breeder to know how other characters influence a particular character before selecting the parental material for crossing purposes. Path coefficient analysis provides direct and indirect effects of component characters thereby enhancing the better understanding of true relationship of the component characters with yield.
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