Probiotics are beneficial for human health. However, they are vulnerable to adverse effects during processing, storage, and passage through the gastrointestinal tract, thus reducing their viability. The exploration of strategies for probiotic stabilization is essential for application and function. Electrospinning and electrospraying, two electrohydrodynamic techniques with simple, mild, and versatile characteristics, have recently attracted increased interest for encapsulating and immobilizing probiotics to improve their survivability under harsh conditions and promoting high-viability delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. This review begins with a more detailed classification of electrospinning and electrospraying, especially dry electrospraying and wet electrospraying. The feasibility of electrospinning and electrospraying in the construction of probiotic carriers, as well as the efficacy of various formulations on the stabilization and colonic delivery of probiotics, are then discussed. Meanwhile, the current application of electrospun and electrosprayed probiotic formulations is introduced. Finally, the existing limitations and future opportunities for electrohydrodynamic techniques in probiotic stabilization are proposed and analyzed. This work comprehensively explains how electrospinning and electrospraying are used to stabilize probiotics, which may aid in their development in probiotic therapy and nutrition.

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In order to develop and utilise cheap iron ores with low quality for cost reduction, a hematite ore from Xinjiang province was investigated to determine the iron increase and silicon reduction using ore dressing process experiments. Results showed that iron concentrate with 61%Fe and iron recovery of 66% were achieved through the process flowsheet of grinding, high intensity magnetic separation, regrinding of coarse concentrate, clean concentration by high intensity magnetic separation, roughing reverse floatation and cleaning reverse floatation of the high intensity concentrate, with the tailings from this latter stage fed back into the roughing reverse floatation stage.