Corresponding author: Keng-Liang Ou The influences of nanophases (titanium hydride compounds) on the formation of nanostructural titanium oxide by electrochemical treatment was investigated by XPS, TF-XRD, XTEM, and SEM. Nanostructural TiO 2 was formed after anodization with cathodic pretreatments. The nano-TiH 2 is formed by cathodic pretreatments. The nano-TiH 2 is directly dissolved after anodization. Furthermore, the nanoporous Ti formed by dissolution of nano-TiH 2 were changed to nanoporous TiO 2 . The nano-TiH 2 plays an important role in forming nanoporous TiO 2 . The anodization with cathodic pretreatment not only produces nano-titanium hydride layer, but also results in formation of nanostructural titanium oxide. It is believed that bioactive titanium implant with oxidation and nanostructure can be enhanced and integrated bone interface contact.
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