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Multiferroic BiFeO3∕Bi3.25Sm0.75Ti2.98V0.02O12 double-layered thin films on Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si were fabricated using the pulsed-laser deposition technique. The films showed greatly enhanced ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. The values of the remanent polarization (2Pr) and coercive field (Ec) were 71.8μC∕cm2 and 148kV∕cm at a maximum applied voltage of 13V, respectively. The value of the magnetic moment was found to be 17.5emu∕cm3. The enhancement of the polarization originated from the BiFeO3 with Bi3.25Sm0.75Ti2.98V0.02O12 working as a barrier layer. The enhancement of the magnetization is from the structural distortion of BiFeO3, due to partial epitaxial growth on the bismuth titanate surface.

Samarium doped bismuth titanate thin films with the composition of Bi3.25Sm0.75Ti3O12 and with strong preferred orientations along the c axis and the (117) direction were fabricated on Pt∕TiO2∕SiO2∕Si substrate by pulsed laser ablation. Measurements on Pt∕BSmT∕Pt capacitors showed that the c-axis oriented film had a small remanent polarization (2Pr) of 5μC∕cm2, while the highly (117) oriented film showed a 2Pr value of 54μC∕cm2 at an electrical field of 268kV∕cm and a coercive field Ec of 89kV∕cm. This is different from the sol-gel derived c-axis oriented Bi3.15Sm0.85Ti3O12 film showing a 2Pr value of 49μC∕cm2.

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Lithium-ion batteries are facing difficulties in an aspect of protection towards battery thermal safety issues which leads to performance degradation or thermal runaway. To negate these issues an effective battery thermal management system is absolute pre-requisite to safeguard the lithium-ion batteries. In this context to support the future endeavours and to improvise battery thermal management system (BTMS) design and its operation the article reveals on three aspects through the analysis of scientific literatures. First, this paper collates the present research progress and status of various battery management strategies employed to lithium-ion batteries. Further, to promote stable and efficient BTMS operation as an initiation the extensive attention is paid towards roles of BTMS electronic control unit and also presented the essential functionality need to consider for designing best BTMS control strategy. Finally, elucidates the various unconventional assessment tools can be employed to recognize the suitable thermal management technique and also for establish optimum BTMS operation based on requirements. From the experience of this article additionally delivers some of the research gaps identified and the essential areas need to focus for the development of superior lithium-ion BTMS technology. All the contents reveal in this article will hopefully assist to the design commercially suitable effective BTMS technology especially for electro-mobility application.