Background: Adolescence in girls is a special period which signifies the transition from girlhood to womanhood. Lack of good hygienic practices has increased the vulnerability to reproductive tract infections. Due to societal attitude, girls also associate a variety of negative physical and psychological changes on their body with menstruation. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices and attitude related to menstruation. Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 school going adolescent girls. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to the study population after obtaining written consent. Results:In our study 69% of the girls attained menarche at 11 to 13 years; 40 % of the girls knew about menstruation before menarche with mother being the informant in 47.7% of the subjects. Most of the girls felt scared on first menstruation (59%). All the girls in the study practised one restriction or the other. Conclusions:The study has highlighted the needs of the adolescents to have accurate and adequate information about menstruation and its appropriate management. Immense efforts are needed to curb myths about menstruation among the adolescent school going girls.
Background: Internet addiction is an alarming issue which has significant impact on the lifestyle of people. Younger generation need to use internet judiciously and productively to prevent the underlying risks ahead. Aim: To assess the degree of internet addiction among undergraduate students. Methods: Using a non-experimental descriptive cross sectional research design, internet addiction was assessed among 200 undergraduate students studying at selected colleges in Bangalore city using Internet Addiction Scale. Results: Forty nine percent (98) of the undergraduate students had mild addiction, 28.5% (57) were moderately addicted, and 0.5% (1) was severely addicted. No addiction was identified in 22% (44).Degree of internet addiction was significantly associated with gender, course of study, level of education, religion, educational status of parents, total number of children in the family and internet use of significant others. Conclusion: Though the intensity of addiction varies, majority of the undergraduate students studied were addicted to internet. Awareness about this addictive behaviour and timely intervention can protect this productive group of the society from the harmful effect of this internet addiction.
INTRODUCTIONThyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders in pregnancy. In India, about 13% of all pregnancies are affected by hypothyroidism.1 Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is detected in about 2.3% of pregnant women.2 It is defined as an elevated serum TSH level between 2.5 and 10mU/L and a serum free T4 level that is within the normal lab and trimester specific reference ranges.Causes of hypothyroidism include iodine deficiency, congenital, postoperative or ablative changes, viral thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis. Thyroid peroxidise antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies are detectable in a significant number of patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism.Signs and symptoms of SCH are variable; often asymptomatic. Mostly SCH is a laboratory diagnosis. Risk factors include personal or family history of thyroid dysfunction, advanced maternal age, diabetes, other autoimmune disorders, morbid obesity.TSH levels are generally lower throughout pregnancy, especially during the first trimester when the hCG levels peak. The trimester specific reference range recommended by American Thyroid Association guidelines is 1 st Trimester TSH 0.1-2.5, 2 nd trimester TSH 0.2-3, 3 rd trimester TSH 0.3-3. 3 No consensus has been ABSTRACT Background: Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders in pregnancy. Objective of present study were to investigate the outcome of pregnancy in those women detected to have subclinical hypothyroidism in early gestation and to evaluate whether treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism reduces the adverse pregnancy outcome. Methods: Pregnant women detected to have Subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH >2.5-6 mU/L and N Free T4) in the 1 st trimester were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. One group received treatment with Thyroxine. They were followed up till delivery and outcome noted. Results: The mean maternal age of both the group was 26 yrs. The gestational age at delivery and the newborn birth weight did not show any statistically significant difference. Antenatal complications like Gestational Diabetes, hypertension, small for gestation, and preterm were almost the same in both groups. There was significant increase in the primary caesarean rate in the treated group. No significant difference in the number of term vaginal delivery in both groups. Conclusions: Treatment of women with SCH (TSH <6 mU/L) does not reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Benefits of treatment need to be weighed against any potential risks.
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