The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different temperatures, light regimes, and seed moisture contents on germination of the palm Euterpe precatoria, in the Arecaceae family. For the study of light and temperature, the experimental design was entirely randomized; treatments were arranged in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme [six temperature conditions (20˚C, 25˚C, 30˚C, 35˚C, 20˚C -30˚C, and 25˚C -35˚C) combined with two light regimes (light and darkness)] with four replications composed of 25 seeds each. For the seed moisture content study, the experimental design was entirely randomized with five seed moisture contents (27%, 20%, 13%, 12%, and 11%), to which they comprised 5 treatments, and four replications with 25 seeds each. Number of germinated seeds was recorded daily until germination was steady. Data were submitted to variance analysis; for the first experiment, means were compared by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) and, for the second, the regression analysis was performed. The temperature at 20˚C promoted highest germination percentage and germination rate for E. precatoria seeds, under either light or darkness; seeds were tolerant up to 11% moisture content.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the seasons and indol butyric acid (IBA), as well as the preparation of IBA solutions on rooting growth of "Fine Time" chrysanthemum cuttings. The first experiment was arranged in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme: IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg·L −1 ) during summer and winter with 4 replicates of two pots and six cuttings per pot. In the second experiment, the storage of IBA solution (1000 mg·L −1 ) at 15˚C was studied with four replicates of 10 cuttings per plot in a period of four weeks. In the third experiment, dilution and supply of IBA (1000 mg·L −1 or 1000 mg·kg −1 ) were studied; there were eight treatments: (1) IBA mixed with industrial talc; (2) IBA diluted in 50% alcohol and oven dried at 30˚C; (3) IBA diluted in 50% alcohol and oven dried at 70˚C; (4) IBA diluted in NaOH and supplied via aqueous solution; (5) IBA diluted in acetone and supplied via aqueous solution; (6) IBA diluted in alcohol 92.8% and supplied via alcoholic solution; (7) IBA diluted in alcohol 50% and supplied via alcoholic solution; (8) IBA mixed and supplied via lanolin; with four replicates of 10 cuttings per plot. Twenty-one days after cutting implementation, the following variables were evaluated: rooting percentage, number, average length and root dry mass. Statistical analysis and time-of-year averages were compared using the Tukey test at 5%; polynomial regression for IBA concentration and preparation data. The means of dilution and delivery were compared by the Scott-Knott test. Treatment with IBA at a concentration of 3000 mg·kg −1 resulted in 90% rooting in the winter and 100% in the summer for all treatments. Results suggest the concentration of 2000 mg·L −1 in the summer and 2000 and 3000 mg·L −1 during the winter provided better quality for the How to cite this paper: Nogueira, M.R., Ferraz, M.V.,

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Tecoma stans is popularly known as ipê-mirim in Brazil. This species belongs to the Bignoniaceae family and it is native to Americas and Antilles, where it is widely used in landscaping as urban tree. The seedlings are produced from seeds and there are several factors that influences its development, such as the sowing time and the substrate. This work aimed to understand the effect of the sowing time and substrates on the production of Tecoma stans seedlings. The experiments were carried out in a nursery. The experimental design was completely randomized. The substrates were arranged in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, two sowing times (autumn and spring) and six commercial substrates (SC1; SC2; SC3; SC4; sand and vermiculite) under four replicates and ten seedlings per plot. The means were compared to each other using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the seasons of the year, showing that the percentage of emergence was higher in spring (89%). The seedlings of Tecoma stans were shown to be nutrient-dependent both in the emergence of the seedling and in the subsequent development of the seedlings, since the highest averages of the studied characteristics were obtained in the commercial substrates, as they have nutrients in their composition, with greater emphasis on SC1.