Amylase is one of the significant enzymes which are of much use in the real world. These enzymes convert complex starch molecules into glucose or simple sugar units. Amylases are widely used in a number of industrial processes such as food, fermentation, textile, paper, detergent and pharmaceutical industries. Enzymes from fungal and bacterial sources play a key role in industrial sectors. Amylases are classified into three types: α-amylase, β-amylase and γ-amylase. α-Amylase is obtained from plants, animals and microorganisms. The α-amylase production is crucial for the conversion of starch into simple sugar. Starch is an important ingredient of human food and is a major storage product of many economically important crops. In this article, the production of α-amylases has generally been carried out using sago industrial waste, where a few samples are taken and subjected to bacterial growth under separate specified substrates. About 25 waste samples are collected and the availability of bacteria is noted. It is found that, among these 25 samples, around eight strains showed the growth of bacteria producing alpha amylase and based on several studies, it is identified that the best source of this particular amylase production is by the bacterial species, Bacillus. Different approaches are exhibited based on temperature, pH, incubation period, nutrient medium and other constraints. It is concluded that alpha amylase enzyme is been produced from bacillus species bacteria. Enzymes are sometimes referred as bio-catalysts which are highly specific and catalyse reactions faster than chemical catalysts. α-Amylase is been extensively used as the result of microbial action under controlled conditions. These has been in increasing demand due to its vital role of starch hydrolysis and applications.
The present study is concerned with the production of αamylase by the bacterial species Bacillus. The study is focused mainly on the optimization of αamylase from sago industrial waste. Various optimization parameters like carbon sources, nitrogen sources, incubation time, pH and temperature are preferred for getting good results. Morphological and biochemical characteristics are used to identify the strain of Bacillus species. The maximum amount of amylase production is observed under various measurements. The total protein content of amylase enzyme is found out. The optimum temperature for the production of high amount of amylase is categorised. It is noted that the carbon source like maltose could improve the production of amylase. Casein acts as a good nitrogen source for the production of amylase. pH values are maintained individually in each growth. These results provide the ways in which αamylase is produced in considerable amounts by bacterial species which are isolated from the industrial waste soil. These amylases are important hydrolase enzymes which have been widely used to convert starch molecules to simple sugars. Among amylases, α-Amylase is in maximum demand due to its wide range of applications in the industrial front. They are used in detergents, paper industry, textile industry, food industry and many other industrial applications. Nowadays consumers are very much aware of the health and environmental problems and hence enzymes are used instead of chemical catalysts. Though enzymes are obtained by several plants, animals and microbial sources, enzymes from microbes are preferred due to its availability and ease of production in large scale sectors. One of the leading environmental issues is waste management. Hence, by considering the waste samples of industries for the production of amylase, effective and intensive utilisation of waste can be measured thereby obtaining useful products in biological ways. Biochemical characterization of sago industry waste shows that it is rich in carbohydrates and contains 55-60% of starch.
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