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Optimization of conditions for anthocyanin hydrolysis from red wine was investigated using response surface methodology. The aglycon forms of the anthocyanins were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The combined effects of three independent variables, HCl amount, heating temperature, and hydrolysis time, were studied using a 2(3) full-factorial central composite design. Anthocyanin hydrolysis yield depended mainly on the heating temperature and time of hydrolysis. HCl amount was the factor that least influenced the hydrolysis of anthocyanins. From experimental results, the maximum yield of anthocyanidins was reached with 9.8 mL of HCl (32% v/v), a heating temperature of 166.2 °C, and a hydrolysis time of 46.6 min. Five anthocyanidins, namely, delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin, were quantified in red wine. The reliability of the method was confirmed by recovery experiments, performed under optimal conditions. Recoveries indicated that anthocyanidins resisted the hydrolysis conditions.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) whose migration from food packaging is recognized worldwide. However, the real overall food contamination and related consequences are yet largely unknown. Among humans, children's exposure to BPA has been emphasized because of the immaturity of their biological systems. The main aim of this study was to assess the reproductive impact of BPA leached from commercially available plastic containers used or related to child nutrition, performing ecotoxicological tests using the biomonitoring species Daphnia magna. Acute and chronic tests, as well as single and multigenerational tests were done. Migration of BPA from several baby bottles and other plastic containers evaluated by GC-MS indicated that a broader range of foodstuff may be contaminated when packed in plastics. Ecotoxicological test results performed using defined concentrations of BPA were in agreement with literature, although a precocious maturity of daphnids was detected at 3.0 mg/L. Curiously, an increased reproductive output (neonates per female) was observed when daphnids were bred in the polycarbonate (PC) containers (145.1±4.3 % to 264.7±3.8 %), both in single as in multigenerational tests, in comparison with the negative control group (100.3±1.6 %). A strong correlated dose-dependent ecotoxicological effect was observed, providing evidence that BPA leached from plastic food packaging materials act as functional estrogen in vivo at very low concentrations. In contrast, neonate production by daphnids cultured in polypropylene and non-PC bottles was slightly but not significantly enhanced (92.5±2.0 % to 118.8±1.8 %). Multigenerational tests also revealed magnification of the adverse effects, not only on fecundity but also on mortality, which represents a worrying trend for organisms that are chronically exposed to xenoestrogens for many generations. Two plausible explanations for the observed results could be given: a non-monotonic dose-response relationship or a mixture toxicity effect.

The rising of global per capita food consumption has driven scientists and manufacturers into a search for new or renewed edible oil sources, while also improving their production towards maximum yield, quality, and economic feasibility. Hence, a new origin (Algerian) of Moringa oleifera seed oil was characterized in the present study in terms of its physical and chemical features on two consecutive crops. Moreover, aiming to ascertain if the industrial solvent extraction could be enhanced, extracted oils from shelled and unshelled seeds were compared. All oils under study presented a low oxidation status and an excellent resistance to oxidation. Additionally to the characteristic high average content of unsaturated fatty acids (71% oleic acid), microcomponent analyses revealed interesting amounts of phytosterols (4–5 g/kg), tocopherols (287–327 mg/kg), carotenoids (4–8 mg/kg), and phenolic compounds (11–17 mg/kg). These outcomes were within or better (stability and oxidative status) than reported data for M. oleifera seed oil from other origins, and without significant differences between crops. Apart from a slight color change and increased sterol and wax contents when extracted with shells, no other significant compositional changes were observed, including oil extraction yield, both equivalent to 37% on a kernel basis. This work sustains the high quality of Algerian M. oleifera seed oil, a still underutilized crop in this country. Also, it provides an insight on the potential use of grinded whole seeds directly for solvent extraction, reducing labor demand and cost for the industries, without significant variation on compositional and stability parameters. Practical applications: Regarding the growing demand on edible oils, and considering Algeria as a country with a large range of climatic conditions, M. oleifera cultivation for edible oil extraction could be of economic interests to the region. Based on the findings of this work, the oil extracted from M. oleifera grown in Algeria presents significantly high quality, stability, and consistency between crops. From a technological point of view, we also propose that solvent extraction can be performed directly on the powder of whole M. oleifera seeds, avoiding the shelling step, with proportional oil yield and equivalents quality, of major importance for the industry. Algerian Moringa oil presents high quality, stability, and consistency between crops. The presence of shells does not effect oil quality and yield, of major importance for the industry.

Summary Anthocyanin profiles and radical scavenging activity of Camarosa strawberry jams as affected by two processing methods (conventional/industrial) and storage conditions were evaluated. Industrial strawberry jam produced in a closed system with vacuum preserved the anthocyanin composition (the total content was 35.77 ± 2.56 mg per 100 g) when compared with conventional jam produced in an open system (3.35 ± 0.05 mg per 100 g). However, the radical scavenging activity of conventional jam was lower than that of industrial jam, as EC50 was 52.99 ± 0.94 and 44.33 ± 2.47 mg mL−1, respectively. Two‐way analysis of variance indicated a significant effect of processing method and storage time during 60 days and a significant interaction for all variables except for EC50. Long‐time storage of industrial jams at −8 °C leads to 80% reduction in anthocyanin content without loss of sensorial characteristics, whereas at room temperature the reduction was 98%, and the red colour was replaced by a brownish. Regardless of storage temperature, the radical scavenging activity of jams decreased 50–60% of its initial value.