Adequate obstetrical cleansing of the upper airway in vigorous babies may obviate the need for endotracheal intubation; intubation of depressed babies following this treatment may be useful.
This study assesses the outcome and benefits of initiation of oral intake 4 hours after caesarean section done under general anaesthesia. After uncomplicated sections, 207 healthy women were alternately assigned either to start oral intake 4 hours after operation, with concurrent stoppage of infusions (n = 106) or to receive 'standard'postoperative care (n = 101). Early oral intake was not associated with increase in gastrointestinal morbidity. Compared with the control group the early intake group had a shorter mean time to first flatus and to first bowel evacuation; initiated breast feeding earlier; ambulated more and were more satisfied. Both groups had similar urine output in the first 24 hours. The nurse's work load decreased when they looked after the early intake group. It is concluded that post-caesarean mothers could be adequately hydrated orally after discontinuing infusions in the early postoperative period without apparent harm and with benefit.
This investigation is aimed to examine the efficiency of dye removal by activated carbon prepared from the peel of Manihot esculenta, which is commonly known as cassava, a waste obtained from sago industries. The effluents containing reactive, direct, acid, alkali, or sulfur dyes were treated with the carbon obtained from cassava peels, which were activated thermally as well as by using acid, alkali, and silver nitrate (AgNO3). The characterization of these carbons was done, and the effect of the parameters pH, concentration, contact time, adsorption dosage, and temperature were studied for each carbon and dye removal. The results of the study indicate that AgNO3-impregnated carbon is more effective in removing the dyes. The equilibrium time is found to be 150 min for reactive, direct, and sulfur dyes and 180 min for acid and basic dyes. The highest percentage dye removal of around 90 % is achieved with AgNO3-impregnated carbon, and the lowest is achieved with alkali-treated carbon. Next to AgNO3-impregnated carbon, acid-treated carbon demonstrates effective dye removal followed by thermally activated carbon and alkali-treated carbon. AgNO3-activated carbon was found to be most effective in removing the basic dye. The order of effectiveness for AgNO3-treated carbon is basic dye > direct dye > sulfur dye > acid dye > reactive dye. The characterization results of AgNO3-activated carbon corroborate its effectiveness in dye removal by indicating greater surface area and higher porosity.
The association of dyes with health related problems is not a new phenomenon. The effectiveness of carbon adsorption for dye removal from textile effluent has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment methods. The preparation of activated carbon from agricultural waste could increase economic return and reduce pollution. Cassava peel has been used as a raw material to produce activated carbon. The study investigates the removal of malachite green dye from its aqueous solution. The effects of condition such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and contact time were studied. The adsorption capacity was demonstrated as a function of time for malachite green from aqueous solution by the prepared activated carbon. The results showed that as the amount of the adsorbent was increased, the percentage of dye removal increased accordingly. Higher adsorption percentages were observed at lower concentrations of malachite green dye. Silver nitrate treated cassava peel showed a better performance compared to Sulphuric acid treated and raw carbons, thus making it an interesting option for dye removal textile effluent.
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