The spread of AIDS causative agent HIV has now entered the third decade. The infection was first noticed in 1981 in the USA. Within 2 decades, it has quickly grown to the level of an endemic. Unlike several other infectious diseases, AIDS endemiology is interdisciplinary, surrounded by many complex socio-economic, psychological, legal, behavioural and statistical issues. Knowledge of HIV incidence is important to formulate sensible intervention strategies aimed at its control. This article discusses: i) Important special features of the spread mechanism which render the syndrome a lethal and silent killer. ii) A method to evaluate probability of infection in a heterosexual relation. iii) A method for estimating HIV infections in perinatal transmissions, and iv) The Indian HIV perspective and makes a few suggestions to control the reckless spread of HIV across the country.
One of the major concerns of healthcare in the world today is HIV/AIDS.The health and socioeconomic consequences of a rapid spread of AIDS are very serious.Thus we need accurate forecasts of the future course of the epidemic.The special feature of AIDS is its long incubation period,whose distribution is difficult to estimate partly due to its length and partly due to its nature of the infected cohorts being followed or identified.This article mainly discusses the features of AIDS incubation period and reviews statistical analysis of a few models developed for the estimation of the incubation period.One of the i9mportant methods of projection namely,Back Calculation method is also discussed.
Statical modeling of HIV infection is useful to understand HIV spread mechanism, for predicting HIV and AIDS counts and for forecasting health care needs. This article: i. stresses the need for modeling of HIV and AIDS . ii. discusses the appropriateness of a stochastic mode for HIV transmission and iii. examines the applicability of diffusion of news and rumors model of Taga & Isli(1959), reported in Bartholomew(1967) and presents the adapted version of this model to suit HIV spread in homosexual populations. Three different cases are considered under this model.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most burdensome chronic diseases that is increasing in epidemic proportions throughout the world. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing at alarming rate unidentified, untreated or poorly controlled diabetes can result in disabling and life threatening long term complications including blindness, hearing loss, loss of limbs, heart disease and kidney failure. This article includes Statistical implications, Statistical study of therapies, clinical issues, complications and intervention strategies. A Capture-Recapture technique for prevalence studies is provided. The findings of the sample study are also presented.
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