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Workflow is one of the important aspects of cloud computing today. Cloud computing is one of the fastest growing technologies in the world. Workflows can be used in cloud as we use them in grid. Many operations in the cloud are based on workflow execution. Workflow systems are now becoming more complex and for such kind of systems efficient workflow management is important. Workflow scheduling is an important part of workflow management. Scheduling in general is NP-hard problem. To solve such kind of problems exhaustive methods cannot be used. Only non-exhaustive techniques can be used. In this paper we have used a metaheuristic approach called bat algorithm. Bat algorithm is specifically designed for optimizing hard problems. Here, bat algorithm with the help of binary bat algorithm is used for scheduling workflow in a cloud. Specifically the mapping of tasks and resources is done using this method. The optimal resources are selected such that the overall cost of the workflow is minimal.

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Experiments were carried out to treat synthetic Bismarck Brown dye effluent using electro coagulation covering a wide range in operating conditions. The influence of operating parameters on efficiency of the process has been critically examined. The batch experimental results showed that the dye effluent can be effectively treated using electro coagulation. The overall COD removal efficiencies has been obtained 99%, under optimum operating condition. Further it is attempted to fit the experimental data with popular adsorption isotherms Langmuir and Temkin models. The predictions of Langmuir adsorption isotherm model are in good agreement with the experimental data.

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A comprehensive investigation of the solubility and mass transfer coefficient enhancement of benzene through hydrotropy has been undertaken. The solubility and mass transfer coefficient studies were carried out using hydrotropes such as citric acid, urea, nicotinamide, and sodium salicylate under a wide range of hydrotrope concentrations (0 to 3.0 mol/L) and different system temperatures (303 to 333 K). The effectiveness of hydrotropes was measured in terms of Setschenow constant KS and reported for all hydrotropes used in this study.

The improper use of GPS and location-related APIs may result in abnormal battery drain in Android applications. Over the last few years, the developers' discussions on improving energy efficiency have been increased. In this paper, we mine StackOverflow to analyze and summarize the characteristics of developers' discussions of managing energy and accuracy-related requirements of location-based Android applications. We extracted 11,911 questions from StackOverflow and filtered 320 relevant questions to answer four research questions. We conducted a manual thematic analysis on relevant questions. Our study shows that the developers are concerned about energy consumption, but are unclear about their preferences as energy and accuracy evolved as conflicting requirements.