The responses of adult females of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) from New Caledonia, which were either resistant or susceptible to endosulfan, were compared to a range of insecticides. High levels of cross resistance were present to organochlorines (aldrin, dieldrin and lindane). No cross resistance was evident to carbaryl or organophosphates (descending order of toxicity: fenitrothion > pirimiphos-methyl > chlorpyrifos > diazinon=malathion). Carbaryl, a carbamate, was the least toxic, and avermectin, a macrocyclic lactone, was the most toxic insecticide tested on H. hampei. No evidence of synergy from esterase (DEF) or microsomal oxidase (piperonyl butoxide) inhibitors was present.
Endosulfan resistance in the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) was discovered in New Caledonia after six years of lindane and 12 years of endosulfan biannual applications. The direct spray technique was used to study cross resistance with lindane and to monitor resistance to both pesticides in 15 regions of New Caledonia. An easier monitoring technique was developed for early detection by field laboratories. Results from this simple method, using twice the LC W of endosulfan to susceptibles (400 ppm) showed a comparable distribution of resistance to the direct spray method in five regions where resistance was detected. The percentage of surveyed fields containing resistant insects in these areas was: Poindimie, 100%, Ponerihouen, 97%; Touho, 63%; Houailou, 10%; Hienghene, 6%. Resistant insects were significantly more frequent in the new sunny fields than in older shady plantations (P<0.05), and fields with endosulfan used in the preceding year (P<0.001). The possible reasons for the observed distribution of resistance are discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.