2-Morpholine-4ylethyl-3 H -1,2,4-triazole-3-ones (2a, 2b) were obtained from the condensation between the corresponding ethoxycarbonylhydrazones and 2-morpholinoethanamine. 2a was converted to acetohydrazide (4) via the formation of an ester derivative (3). Treatment of 2a and 2b with several aryl sulfonyl chlorides afforded the corresponding 2-arylsulfonyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-ones (5a-c and 6). The reaction of hydrazide (4) with benzyl iso-and benzyl isothiocyanate produced the corresponding carboxamide (8a) and carbothioamide (8b). The basic treatment of 8b yielded 5-mercapto-4 H -1,2,4-triazol-3yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3 H -1,2,4-triazol-3-one (10). The synthesis of 1,3-thiazol-2(3 H) -ylidene-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylacetohydrazide (11) and 1,3-oxazole-2(3 H) -ylidene-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)acetohydrazide ( 9) derivatives was performed from the reaction of 8a and 8b with substituted phenacyl bromides.All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities and some of them were found to possess good or moderate antimicrobial activity.

To cite this version:Alexandru Curtu, Sofletea, Alin Toader, Mihai Enescu. Leaf morphological and genetic differentiation between Quercus robur L. and its closest relative, the drought-tolerant Quercus pedunculiflora

Little is known about genetic differences among Quercus frainetto and Q. pubescens, two species of section Dascia Kotschy (subgenus Lepidobalanus, white oaks) that reach in Romania the margins of their natural distribution range. A set of genomic SSRs (simple sequence repeats) and EST (expressed sequence tags)-SSRs was used to estimate the genetic differentiation among four natural populations of the two species. Q. pubescens had higher values of genetic diversity than Q. frainetto, although the differences were not significant. Two out of seven marker-loci, QrZAG112 and QpZAG110, displayed very high FST values. Averaged across loci, the genetic differentiation was high and significant (FST = 0.067). Genetic distances were much higher among species than among populations within species. A Bayesian analysis indicated that two is the most appropriate number of genetic clusters. Using a blind procedure (i.e. based on multilocus genotypes only) the vast majority of sampled individuals (90%) could be assigned to the cluster corresponding to their phenotypes. When information about sampling localities was introduced in the assignment test, all individual trees were correctly classified. The higher degree of admixture in Q. frainetto as compared to Q. pubescens may be explained by different rates of introgressive hybridization.

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Sea-buckthorn is an important species especially in terms of land reclamation, but it has also an appreciable commercial value. The aim of this review paper was to highlight the multiple uses of this shrub species across world. Data regarding taxonomy, chorology, ecological requirements and biological characteristics were also presented. Special attention has been given to the role of sea-buckthorn in land reclamation. The importance of this species is expected to increase in the future due to its high ecological amplitude and biological characteristics that make it suitable for many types of land, including arid terrains.