Comment on &amp;quot;Opinion paper: Forest management and biodiversity&amp;quot;: the role of protected areas is greater than the sum of its number of species

Mikoláš, Martin; Svoboda, Miroslav; Pouska, Václav; Morrissey, Robert C.; Donato, Daniel C.; Keeton, William S.; Nagel, Thomas A.; Popescu, Viorel D.; Muller, Joerg; Bässler, Claus; Knorn, Jan; Rozyłowicz, Laurenţiu; Enescu, C. M.; Trotsiuk, Volodymyr; Janda, Pavel; Mrhalová, Hana; Michalová, Zuzana; Krumm, Frank; Kraus, Daniel

doi:10.5194/we-14-61-2014

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Despite this recognition, both forests are under serious threat. In the Carpathians, illegal logging is commonly conducted in natural beech forests [35]. In Iran, authorities initially followed recommendations aimed at protecting the forests, but then allowed the removal of dying and damaged trees, including snags.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Formation Rates and Composition of Tree-Related Microhabitats in Beech-Dominated Primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian Forests

Jahed

Kavousi

Farashiani

et al. 2020

Forests

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Primeval forests in the temperate zone exist only as a few remnants, but theses serve as important reference areas for conservation. As key habitats, tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) are of intense interest to forest ecologists, but little is known about their natural composition and dynamics in different tree species. Beech forms a major part of the temperate forests that extend from Europe, home to European beech Fagus sylvatica L. (Fs), eastward to Iran, where Oriental beech Fagus orientalis Lipsky (Fo) is the dominant species. In this study, we compared TreMs in primeval forests of both species, using data from Fo growing in 25 inventory plots throughout the Hyrcanian forest belt in Iran and from Fs growing in a 9 ha permanent plot in the Uholka Forest of Ukraine. TreMs based on 47 types and 11 subgroups were recorded. Beech trees in the Hyrcanian forest had a higher mean diameter at breast height (dbh) than beech trees in Uholka and contained twice as many TreMs per hectare. Although the mean richness of TreMs per TreM bearing tree was similar in the two species, on the basis of the comparison single trees in two groups (n = 405 vs. 2251), the composition of the TreMs clearly differed, as the proportions of rot holes, root-buttress concavities, and crown deadwood were higher in the Hyrcanian Forest, and those of bark losses, exposed heartwood, and burrs and cankers higher in Uholka Forest. Estimates of TreMs dynamics based on dbh and using Weibull models showed a significantly faster cumulative increase of TreMs in Fo, in which saturation occurred already in trees with a dbh of 70–80 cm. By contrast, the increase in TreMs in Fs was continuous. In both species, the probability density was highest at a dbh of about 30 cm, but was twice as high in Fo. Because of limitations of our study design, the reason behind observed differences of TreM formation and composition between regions remains unclear, as it could be either result of the tree species or the environment, or their interaction. However, the observed differences were more likely the result of differences in the environment than in the two tree species. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate that the Hyrcanian Forest, recently designated as a natural heritage site in Iran, is unique, not only as a tertiary relict or due to its endemic trees, herbs and arthropods, but also because of its TreMs, which form a distinct and rich habitat for associated taxa, including endemic saproxylic species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Formation Rates and Composition of Tree-Related Microhabitats in Beech-Dominated Primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian Forests

Jahed

Kavousi

Farashiani

et al. 2020

Forests

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“…Similarly, in Europe the merits of intensive forest management, such as high yield, even‐aged forestry practices, have been the subject of debate (Bollmann & Braunisch, 2013; Schulze et al, 2014). Points of contention include tradeoffs among economic efficiency, hydrologic regulation, abiotic disturbance risks, susceptibility to insects and pathogens, carbon uptake and storage, and habitat provisioning (Burrascano et al, 2016; Mikoláš et al, 2014). In this context, comparison with natural disturbance analogs is particularly informative, for instance in developing forest management approaches that integrate competing objectives (Franklin et al, 2018; Schall et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural disturbance regimes as a guide for sustainable forest management in Europe

Aszalós

Thom

Aakala

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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In Europe, forest management has controlled forest dynamics to sustain commodity production over multiple centuries. Yet over-regulation for growth and yield diminishes resilience to environmental stress as well as threatens biodiversity, leading to increasing forest susceptibility to an array of disturbances. These trends have stimulated interest in alternative management systems, including natural dynamics silviculture (NDS). NDS aims to emulate natural disturbance dynamics at stand and landscape scales through silvicultural manipulations of forest structure and landscape patterns. We adapted a "Comparability Index" (CI) to assess convergence/divergence between natural disturbances and forest management effects. We extended the original CI concept based on disturbance size and frequency by adding the residual structure of canopy trees after a disturbance as a third dimension. We populated the model by compiling data on natural disturbance dynamics and management from 13 countries in Europe, covering four major forest types (i.e., spruce, beech, oak, and pine-dominated forests). We found that natural disturbances are highly variable in size, frequency, and residual structure, but European forest management fails to encompass this complexity. Silviculture in Europe is skewed toward even-aged systems, used predominately (72.9% of management) across the countries assessed. The residual structure proved crucial in the comparison of natural disturbances and silvicultural systems. CI indicated the highest congruence between uneven-aged silvicultural systems and key natural disturbance attributes. Even so, uneven-aged practices emulated only a portion of the complexity associated with natural disturbance effects. The remaining silvicultural systems perform poorly in terms of retention compared to tree survivorship after natural disturbances. We suggest that NDS can enrich Europe's portfolio of management systems, for example where wood production is not the primary objective. NDS is especially relevant to forests managed for habitat quality, risk reduction, and a variety of ecosystem services. We suggest a holistic approach integrating NDS with more conventional practices.

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“…Fiecare din noi are obligația profesională și etică să protejăm aceste ultime suprafețe extinse de păduri europene virgine nu numai pentru interesele noastre, ci pentru binele global (Bücking și al. 2000, Brang 2005, Wirth et al 2009, Veen et al 2010, Commarmot și Brang 2011, Scherzinger 2012, Mikoláš et al 2014, Biriş 2017, Musavie et al 2017, Schoof et al 2018, Watsonet al 2018.…”

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Pădurile virgine în inima Europei. Importanța, situația curentă și viitorul pădurilor virgine ale României

Luick¹,

Reif²,

Schneider³

et al. 2021

Bucov. For.

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Raportul „Pădurile virgine în inima Europei” (2021), autori; Rainer Luick, Albert Reif, Erika Schneider, Manfred Grossmann și Ecaterina Fodor este o analiză detaliată a importanței, situației actuale și viitorului pădurilor seculare din România. Autorii subliniază marea lor simpatie față de România și abordează importanța ultimelor păduri seculare din Carpații românești pentru moștenirea naturală a Europei. De asemenea, sunt descrise detaliat neputința și lipsa de interes din partea instituțiilor statului în protejarea pădurilor seculare și virgine. Investigațiile asupra corupției profunde și imixtiunii criminale în sectoarele silviculturii și exploatării lemnului scot la iveală interferențe șocante între politică, administrație și corporații. Existând informații asupra tăierilor la scară mare în arii protejate, studiul este centrat pe întrebarea de ce instituțiile UE au avut reacții puține în decursul multor ani la aceste probleme. Autorii cer ca protecția ultimelor păduri virgine din centrul Europei să devină o preocupare a organismelor pan-europene. Acest demers este formulat ca un element cheie pentru Strategia pentru Biodiversitate a Europei până în 2030. România ar deveni astfel un test de litmus asupra șanselor de reușită ale strategiei.

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Comment on "Opinion paper: Forest management and biodiversity": the role of protected areas is greater than the sum of its number of species

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

A Comparison of the Formation Rates and Composition of Tree-Related Microhabitats in Beech-Dominated Primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian Forests

A Comparison of the Formation Rates and Composition of Tree-Related Microhabitats in Beech-Dominated Primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian Forests

Natural disturbance regimes as a guide for sustainable forest management in Europe

Pădurile virgine în inima Europei. Importanța, situația curentă și viitorul pădurilor virgine ale României

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