We determined visual field size as a function of pupil size by repeated measurements of Goldmann fields with an I2 target in the same subjects using contact lenses with different sized artificial pupils. Increasing pupil size from 3 to 6.8 mm increases visual field size from 2.79 to 3.34 steradians, an average increase of 19.7 per cent; a control experiment suggested that the major part of this effect can be explained by reduction of retinal illuminance produced by the variation in pupil size.
Satellites in an earth orbit where high levels of radiation are experienced require greater protection for their solar cell arrays than is normal. This may be provided by the use of thicker coverglasses to minimise solar cell degradation. This paper describes the development by Pilkingtons of a new glass CMO, which has a high transmission in the visible spectrum ,is radiation stable to high fluences, incorporates a UV 'cut-off ' filter and is capable of being manufactured economically in large volume. It has a high emissivity and is durable. The results of an evaluation are given and compared with high purity fused silica.
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