The communication in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is multi-hop in nature wherein each node relays data packets of other nodes thereby spending its resources such as battery power, CPU time and memory. In an ideal environment, each node in MANET is supposed to perform this community service truthfully. However this is not the case and existence of selfish nodes is a very common feature in MANETs. A selfish node is one that tries to utilize the network resources for its own profit but is reluctant to spend its own for others. If such behaviour prevails among large number of the nodes in the network, it may eventually lead to disruption of network. This paper studies the impact of selfish nodes concentration on the quality of service in MANETs.
This research paper presents a framework for ranking of software engineering metrics based on expert opinion elicitation and fuzzy-based matrix methodology. The proposed methodology is able to accommodate the imprecise and inexact data involved in the problem of ranking of software engineering metrics, vagueness and ambiguity occurring during expert (human) decision making and to depart from the complexity of formulation of the objective and the constraint function. The matrices lend themselves to mechanical manipulations and are useful for analyzing and deriving systems functions expeditiously to meet the objectives. The current research is based on software engineering metrics identified in an earlier study conducted by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. A set of ranking criteria were identified. Software engineering metrics are then ranked in ascending order using experts' opinion in accordance with the value of Permanent function on their criteria matrix. The proposed methodology has also been compared with other known methodologies. Softw. Test. Verif. Reliab. 2013; :149-168 23 L (0,0.3,0.5) VL (0,0,0.3) Relevance to reliability M (0.2,0.5,0.8) H (0.5,0.7,1) L (0,0.3,0.5) M (0.2,0.5,0.8) H (0.5,0.7,1)
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