No abstract

We studied 102 children undergoing day-case surgery, allocated randomly to receive either thiopentone 5 mg kg-1 or propofol 3 mg kg-1 i.v. at induction of anaesthesia. They then inhaled nitrous oxide and halothane in oxygen until a laryngeal mask airway could be inserted. Thereafter, halothane was substituted by isoflurane and analgesia provided by regional nerve block. Recovery from anaesthesia was assessed by the time taken to reach clinically-defined criteria and by calculation of sedation, pain and vomiting scores. In children aged less than 5 yr, only the time to spontaneous eye opening was shorter after propofol induction (P < 0.05). In children aged 5-11 yr, times of spontaneous eye opening, giving name and discharge were shorter after propofol induction (P < 0.05). These results indicate that propofol hastened early recovery in children undergoing day-case surgery, but earlier discharge occurred only in older children.

SummaryChanges in monitoring and therapy during the preparation of 100 critically ill patients for interhospital transfer by a specialist team were documented prospectively with the aim of providing guidelines for nonspecialists. Severity of illness scores were recorded before and afrer preparation. Median duration of preparation for ambulance journeys was 50 min and for aeroplane journeys was 82 min. During preparation, a portable electrocardiogram and pulse oximeter were attached to 21 and 76 patients respectively and intra-arterial pressure monitoring was continued or instituted in 88 patients. Supplemental oxygen and intravenous ,fluids were the therapies most commonly increased or instituted by the transport team; mechanical ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure and inotropic drugs were increased or instituted less frequently. Median therapeutic intervention scores before and after preparation were 21 and 23 respectively. highlighting the need to increase rather than withdraw support for transfer.

We measured total respiratory system and lung and chest wall resistances (Rrs, Rl, and Rcw) and elastances (Ers, El, and Ecw) in awake, relaxed human subjects during sinusoidal volume forcing at the mouth from 0.2 to 0.6 Hz with tidal volumes (VT) of 6 to 18% VC at constant mean airway pressure. In addition, we repeated measurements with the lowest VT at a lower airway pressure and therefore at a lower mean lung volume (Vl). Rrs and Rcw decreased with increasing respiratory frequency (f) and VT, but Rl was independent of f and VT. All resistances were higher at the lower Vl. Ers and Ecw increased with increasing f and decreased with increasing VT. El increased slightly with increasing f but was not affected by VT. All elastances tended to increase at the lower Vl. We conclude that in the normal range of breathing amplitude and frequency, (1) lung properties are nearly constant if mean lung volume does not change, and (2) f and VT dependencies of total respiratory system properties are caused by the chest wall.

Objective-To identify the requirements of an interhospital transfer service for critically ill patients.