Summary
A new micro method for plasma volume determination with T‐1824 was investigated in 10 newborn infants. Dye concentration was measured with a two wavelength spectrophotometric method. The method was found to be easy, rapid to perform and requires only 150 μl plasma. Thus several plasma samples could be obtained and the dye loss during mixing time calculated and corrected for. This is of special importance in the newborn due to the high transcapillary albumin loss mentioned below. Plasma volume was determined with 131I human serum albumin (RIHSA) serving as reference. Identical results were obtained, mean 43 ml/kg. Consequently it is concluded that the dye method, being a non‐radioactive method, should be preferred for plasma volume determination in the newborn. Transcapillary escape rate of albumin (fraction of intra‐vascular mass of albumin escaping to the extravascular space per unit time) was determined from the disappearance of intravenously injected RIHSA and T‐1824 during the first hour after the injection. The mean transcapillary escape rate with RIHSA was: 18.4%/hour, with T‐1824: 20.7%/hour (p<0.1). These values are 3 to 4 times higher than those obtained in adults thus indicating a high capillary permeability to albumin in newborns.
Summary
The influence of the method of delivery and the clamping technique on the placental transfusion is investigated by measurement of the placental residual blood volume in 58 infants of diabetic mothers and in 65 infants of nondiabetic mothers.
It is shown that infants of diabetic mothers delivered vaginally compared with infants of diabetic mothers delivered by caesarean section, have a larger placental residual blood volume, if early clamping is employed. This relation suggests that also in infants of diabetic mothers, a temporary deposition of the distribution of the foeto‐placental blood volume between the infant and the placenta occurs during vaginal delivery, because of the impaired venous backflow to the infant. The difference in the placental residual blood volume is more pronounced for infants of diabetic mothers than for infants of non‐diabetic mothers.
Further, it is shown that the placental residual blood volume is significant larger in infants of diabetic mothers but only after vaginal delivery with early clamping, compared with the same group of infants of non‐diabetic mothers.
Summary
The red cell volume has been investigated in 35 infants of diabetic mothers and in 18 infants of non‐diabetic mothers. It is shown that not only the clamping technique but also, the method of delivery has an influence on the red cell volume of the infant. Thus the red cell volume is less in infants delivered vaginally with early clamping, compared with infants delivered by caesarean section with early clamping.
These findings support the theory that during vaginal delivery a temporary change in It is suggested that IDM during vaginal delivery with early clamping deposit more blood in the placenta than do the non‐IDM, since we found a smaller red cell volume per kg the distrfbution of. the foeto‐placental blood volume between placenta and child occurs.
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