Citation: Inskip, C., Butterworth, R. & MacFarlane, A. (2008). A study of the information needs of the users of a folk music library and the implications for the design of a digital library system. Information Processing and Management, 44(2), pp. 647-662. doi: 10.1016/j.ipm.2007.05.004 This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. (2000) is used as an analytical tool to achieve this end. The demographics of the users were examined in order to establish four user groups: PermanentPerformer, Academic, Professional and Enthusiast. Important information needs were found to be based on social interaction, and key resources of the library were its staff, the concentration of the collection and the library's social nature. A collection of broad design requirements are proposed based on the analysis and this study also provided some insights into the issue of musical relevance, which are discussed.
This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link Abstract:Purpose:If an information retrieval system is going to be of value to the user then it must give meaning to the information which matches the meaning given to it by the user. The meaning given to music varies according to who is interpreting it -the author/composer, the performer, cataloguer or the listener -and this affects how music is organized and retrieved. This paper examines the meaning of music, how meaning is communicated and suggests this may affect music retrieval. ApproachMusicology is used to define music and examine its functions leading to a discussion of how music has been organised and described
This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link Andy MacFarlane Department of Information Science, City University London, UK Pauline Rafferty Department of Information Studies, University of Aberystwyth, Wales AbstractAlthough known item searching for music can be dealt with by searching metadata using existing text search techniques, human subjectivity and variability within the music itself make it very difficult to search for unknown items. This paper examines these problems within the context of text retrieval and music information retrieval. The focus is on ascertaining a relationship between music relevance criteria and those relating to relevance judgements in text retrieval. A data-rich collection of relevance judgements by creative professionals searching for unknown musical items to accompany moving images using real world queries is analysed. The participants in our observations are found to take a socio-cognitive approach and use a range of content and context based criteria. These criteria correlate strongly with those arising from previous text retrieval studies despite the many differences between music and text in their actual content.
Creative professionals search for music to accompany moving images in films, advertising, television. Some larger music rights holders (record companies and music publishers) organise their catalogues to allow online searching. These digital libraries are organised by various subjective musical facets as well as by artist and title metadata. A facet analysis of a number of queries is discussed in relation to the organisation of the music in these bespoke search engines. Subjective facets such as Mood and Genre are found to be highly important in query formation. These findings are discussed in relation to disintermediation of this process. It is suggested that there are a number of barriers to this, both in terms of classification approaches and also commercial / legal factors.
This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link City Research OnlineThis paper is a pre-print version presented at the ISKO UK 2009 conference, 22-23 June, prior to peer review and editing. For published proceedings see special issue of Aslib Proceedings journal. Organising music for movies Charles Inskip and Andy MacFarlaneCity University London Pauline RaffertyUniversity of Aberystwyth AbstractPurpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss the classification of commercial popular music when large digital collections are organised for use in films. Design/methodology/approach -A range of systems are investigated and their organization is discussed, focusing on an analysis of the metadata used by the systems and choices given to the end-user to construct a query. The indexing of the music is compared to a checklist of music facets which has been derived from recent musicological literature on semiotic analysis of popular music. These facets include aspects of communication, cultural and musical expression, codes and competences.Findings -In addition to bibliographic detail, descriptive metadata is used to organise music in these systems. Genre, subject and mood are used widely; some musical facets also appear. The extent to which attempts are being made to reflect these facets in the organization of these systems is discussed. A number of recommendations are made which may help to improve this process. Originality/value -This paper discusses an area of creative music search which has not previously been investigated in any depth and makes recommendations based on findings and the literature which may be used in the development of commercial systems as well as making a contribution to the literature.
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