Anoa are fully protected under Indonesian Law since 1931 (Law of Protection of Wild Animals 1931, no 134). Increasing law enforcement regarding hunting as well as promoting awareness of the Anoas unique threatened the existence of conservation measures. The modern concept of conservation based on the sustainability utilization, and therefore the knowledge of the Anoa preference in feeding to support the sustainability conservation should be studied. In the present study, the combination of direct observation methods which was done in the Lore Lindu National Park in Toro village at District Kulawi, Central Sulawesi and the epidermal analysis method which was carried out to Anoa's dung were aimed to identify the vegetations preferred by Anoa in their habitat. The result showed 28 species of vegetations was used as feed by Anoa on in situ area. According to its percentage, the first ten were Freycinetia insignis Blume (17%), Microlepia todayensis Christ (8.9%), Disoxylum sp (8.6%), Lasianthus clementis Merr (7.7%), Clusia sp (7.5%), Schleria sp (6%), Podocarpus imbricatus (5.4%), Smilax leucophylla (5.1%), Elastostema sp (4.2%), and Garcinia sp (3.8%), respectively. Furthermore, it can be concluded that Anoa was eat more leafs and shrubs/bushes (each 24%, respectively) compared to flowers (18%), fruits (12%), shoots (8%), grasses, tubers, young grooves (each 4%, respectively) and moss (2%). Nutritionally, Anoa consumed 8.8% protein and 25.6% crude fiber.
By-product produced from plantation and palm oil mill can be utilized for energy and protein source of ruminant feed. Thus, it still has potency for further exploration. The objective of the research was to investigate the nutrient value of palm oil plantation and mill's byproduct used to formulate ruminant feed. The research located in 66,118.5 ha of palm oil plantation in Paser regency, East Kalimantan province. The research was carried out in palm oil plantation and mill of PTPN XIII comprising productive plants (TM) in +14,000 ha arranged in 9 divisions (afdeling). Measured variables consisted of: 1) dry mass production (mass of midrib every cutting and frond) (kg); 2) Centrosema sp mass production (kg); 3) mass of empty fruit bunches (kg); palm pressed fiber (PPF) (kg), palm kernel cake (PKC) (kg) dan palm oil sludge (POS) (kg); 4) nutrient content analyzed under proximate analysis in accordance with the procedure of Ruminant
The study was aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics of the pressed complete feed in the forms of cube, cylinder and ball. The study was conducted to get a complete feed of dairy cows that can be developed commercially. The evaluation was done on a physical test : bulkiness, hardness and hygroscopic properties of pressed complete feeds. The results of this research showed that the bulkiness of pressed complete feed in the forms cubes, cylinders and balls were between 0.20 up to 0.48 liter/kg; the hardness of pressed complete feed, cylinders and balls were 3 lbs up to 14 lbs; the hygroscopic factor of pressed complete feed in the forms cubes, cylinders and balls were around 1.10% up to 9.69%. The pressed complete feed in the forms of cube and cylinder are better than the form of ball in physical characteristics.
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of fat-tailed rams fed complete feed based oil palm fronds (OPF). This experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of OPF substituting fields grass in complete feed for A, B, C, D and E treatments, respectively. Twenty fat-tailed rams were fed twice at 08.00 and 14.00 with pellet of complete feed for 4 months. The result of this experiment showed that OPF significantly influenced nutrient consumption, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency ratio (FER). Oil palm fronds significantly affected (P<0.05) fat-tailed rams's dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), crude protein intake (CPI), ADG and FER. The highest DMI, OMI, CPI, ADG, and FER of fat-tailed rams was in C treatment and significantly different from the others. It was concluded that C treatment was the best treatment which can give the best fat-tailed rams performance. The OPF can be used to replace the field grass as feed up to 75% proportion in complete feed and could increase the performance and productivity of fat-tailed rams.
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