The modernization of the manufacturing industry requires the development of the manufacturing process and technological equipment, in general, but also for the realization of the complex parts. These components with complex geometries and multiple functional roles, for the most part, are safety parts manufactured from materials with superior physicochemical characteristics that have demanding technical quotas and conditions, leading to difficulties in establishing the processing methods and technological equipment used. For those considerations, it is proposed a three-stage design-optimization algorithm and an additional step, which represents a balanced and rational approach to technological process issues and in the manufacturing system. The first stage shall determine the optimal number and succession of operations based on a technological graph and the associated mathematical model, in which the objective function and the restrictions are defined concerning the purpose pursued. The second stage establishes, for each technological operation, the optimal orientation and fixation scheme (O-OFS) of the semi-finished part, which ensures the precision of machining and the technological process productivity, applying elements, of the sets theory and the global utility method to the method of optimizing of orientation and fixation of the parts. In the third step, based on the optimal orientation and fixation scheme, a mathematical model is formulated for the adapted technology chart to describe the construction variants of the orientation supports, and to provide the optimal device construction solution to the analysed operation. In situations where a reconfiguration of the technological system is desired, the fourth step of equipment optimization of the entire technological process is proposed.
Industry dynamics determines the improvement of manufacturing processes and necessarily implies the development and evolution of technological equipment for machining, assembling and controlling. The modern technological concept requires multicriteria optimization of the technological system, emphasizing its ability to adapt precisely, quickly and efficiently to the variation of production tasks. This paper proposes a combined method of optimization of technological processes capable of overcoming the difficulties caused by the complexity, diversity and dynamic character of the processing equipment in order to make objective technical and economic decisions. The in-depth analysis of optimization problems for technological processes and equipment is required by the need to respect the multitude of conditions and their interdependence and has as main objective the establishment of rational solutions in the field of manufacturing engineering. For a technological process, in the first stage, based on a technological chart, several processing procedures are analyzed depending on the complexity of the semi-finished products and the type of machine-tool used, and with the mathematical model associated determine the number and optimal sequence of operations. In the second stage, an optimal variant of the process, presented as a combination of processing procedures, is analyzed with the global utility method, especially in the nodes with several operations, as special or modular structures and the optimal solution for the construction of the devices and machines -tools, technological equipment in general.
The evolution of the manufacturing processes requires, as a mandatory condition, to increase the performance of the technological equipment for processing, assembling and control, by promoting new solutions in the field of devices of the semi-finished products, but also by developing special or modular multifunctional components for the modernization of machine tools. This paper proposes a method of optimization of the technological process and equipment, which in the first stage determines, on the basis of a technological chart, the optimal sequence and the number of operations or phases of processing, and in the second step with the global utility method, the optimal combination of special or modular structures, from existing or new ones, is determined for the construction and configuration of a flexible multislot machine for simultaneous and successive centring and spherical operation. We believe that the creation of tools, devices for orientation and fixing, tooling, support, guidance, reinforcing and transfer blanks and modernization of machine tools, is an important measure to streamline manufacturing systems involving important material effort. Our theoretical and experimental research and industrial applications in recent years aim to develop new structures, processing systems and equipment with features, performance and especially flexibility, superior to existing ones.
The processes and equipment for manufacturing, assembly, and control operations, adapted to the needs of modern industry, shall be determined according to the volume of production and the technical conditions imposed, at a level which ensures economic effects on the recovery of costs for their design and execution. The design-optimization algorithm, with the four working steps, applied on the case study presented, allows the determination of the optimal number and succession of technological processes, but also of new processing methods, based on a technological graph and optimization criteria. In the second step, determine for each technological operation the optimal orientation and fixation scheme of the analyzed part, combining elements of the set theory and the global utility method, with a method of simultaneous optimization of the orientation and fixation fundamentals for two different transformation areas with distinct quotas and conditions that need to be achieved. In the third step, is identified and analyzed several construction variants of structures for the equipment. By formulating a technologically adapted graph to describe structures of orientations, but also other structures, is obtained an associated mathematical model and optimization criteria for the optimum design variant of the orientation and fixation at the analyzed operation. When is desired a complete appreciation of all the technological operations, the fourth step of system optimization is proposed, which is also based on a technology graph and an associated mathematical model adapted to the evaluation of the analyzed types of equipment.
Machining is a technological process that involves removing the material by generating chips, aiming to obtain flat, cylindrical, helical surfaces etc. This processing method is widespread in the industry and it is, therefore, necessary to define appropriate technical and economic solutions concerning the materials and geometry of the tools, the orientation and fixture of the devices, and the machine-tool used. It is also particularly important to use the most appropriate cutting parameters for modern industrial applications. Scientific research addresses these issues through analytical, semi-empirical, or numerical modeling. Numerical modeling and simulations can satisfy with very good precision the solutions of these aspects, with diverse methods and techniques used in the study of the cutting simulation. This paper presents an analysis of recent studies, briefly presenting the main approaches and techniques used in numerical modeling and simulation of machining. The input parameters, components, and output parameters of these numerical models are identified as well. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods and techniques are summarized, as well as the problems to be developed in the area of numerical modeling and simulation of cutting processes.
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