submodel and another for the conversion of radiation into aerial biomass, has mainly been used for annual In order to simulate the effect of a wide range of defoliation regimes crops (Gosse et al., 1986). They have also been used for and levels of N supply on the net herbage accumulation of an orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) sward, we developed a model perennial grasses but only for frequent defoliation rebased on growth and senescence submodels. Four experiments (spring gimes or low residual herbage mass (Bé langer et al., and summer regrowths), each comprising four treatments (two N 1992; Gustavsson et al., 1995) where there was little or rates ϫ two amounts of residual biomass), were carried out to assess no senescence and no reproductive phase. Our objective the effect of management on leaf growth, senescence, and radiation was to extend the models to cover a wider range of use efficiency (RUE). The growth submodel, based on RUE, demanagement options and their interactions to roughly pended on herbage N status and the development stage during stem define, 1 to 5 mo ahead, how much area to allocate over a elongation in spring. Increases in RUE during stem elongation deseason by comparing different management options for pended on the percentage of reproductive tillers in the swards, which defoliation intervals, late-cut hay (Theau et al., 2000), was a function of the N fertilizer rate. Leaf elongation and senescence or variable residual sward mass (Duru et al., 2000b) and rates at the tiller level and the mass per unit leaf area of green and senescent leaves were used to parameterize the senescence submodel. for a range of weather data. The amount of dead material depended mainly on the residual biomass (RUE) during crop growth is defined as the ratio of at the beginning of regrowth. Complete calibration of the model was aboveground DM increase to the accumulated interdone using experiments and data from the literature. Other sets of cepted radiation following seed emergence (for annual experiments (one on orchardgrass and two others on permanent grasscrops) or defoliation (for grass swards). Usually, such lands) were used for its validation. Root mean square errors for a model should be coupled with a temperature-driven herbage yield were comprised between 11 and 55 g m Ϫ2. The chosen development submodel, simulating the formation and model structure allows the growth of other grass species to be easily disappearance of sinks corresponding to changes in the simulated, knowing their leaf life spans. However, this is a sink-driven trophic or morphological strategy of the crop, which model that is unable to assess tiller mortality and its effect on herbage influence the development of leaf area index (LAI) or accumulation rate. grain filling (Brisson and Delé colle, 1991). Changes in aerial biomass are the result of different processes (leaf death, stem elongation, etc.) driven by the plant's ge
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