No abstract

Sessenta amostras de milho pós-colheita foram avaliadas quanto à contaminação fúngica endógena e o potencial toxígeno de espécies do gênero Aspergillus e seus teleomorfos. Quarenta grãos aparentemente sadios de cada amostra foram desinfestados em NaClO e incubados em câmara úmida a 25±1ºC para exteriorização dos fungos, que posteriormente foram isolados em ágar Czapek-Dox. Foram identificadas as espécies Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, Eurotium amstelodami e E. chevalieri. O potencial toxígeno dos fungos A. flavus e A. parasiticus foi avaliado quanto à síntese de aflatoxinas em meio ágar-coco. Espécies do gênero Eurotium foram avaliadas quanto à síntese de esterigmatocistina, nos meios ágar-amendoim e trigo triturado. A porcentagem de grãos contaminados variou entre 0 e 100%, prevalecendo os gêneros Aspergillus, Penicillium e Fusarium. A espécie predominante foi a A. flavus (64%), seguida por E. amstelodami (19%), E. chevalieri (10%) e A. parasiticus (7%). A partir de 109 isolados de A. flavus, evidenciou-se que 73 isolados sintetizaram aflatoxinas B1 e B2, 20 sintetizaram B1, sete sintetizaram B1 e G1, três sintetizaram B1, B2 e G1 e em seis não foi detectada a síntese de aflatoxina. A síntese de esterigmatocistina pelas espécies E. amstelodami e E. chevalieri não foi detectada.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi a produção de anticorpos policlonais contra Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola e sua caracterização pelo método Elisa indireto. Os resultados apontaram a qualidade dos anticorpos policlonais produzidos, os quais mostraram-se altamente reativos e específicos para o patovar com potencial para ser empregado no diagnóstico da doença e em programas de certificação.Termos para indexação: Vitis vinifera, cancro bacteriano, diagnose. Production and characterization of polyclonal antibodies against Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticolaAbstract -The objective of this work was to produce polyclonal antibodies against Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola and characterize these antibodies through Elisa serological indirect method. Results indicate that polyclonal antibodies produced were highly reactive against bacterial cells, showing specificity at the pathovar level and potential to be used for diagnosis and certification purposes.

The organism named "Erwinia nulandii" was isolated in 1979 from bean seeds and was described in 1981, but the name was never validated. The results of biochemical tests and membrane protein profile and DNA relatedness studies indicated that this name is synonymous with Erwinia persicinus, a validly published name for a species previously isolated from, but not shown to be pathogenic for, tomatoes, bananas, and cucumbers. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all E. persicinus strains, including an "E. nulandii" strain, were pathogenic for bean pods and seeds.In 1981, Schuster et al. described a new, pink-pigmented species of bacteria isolated from beans (10) and named the organism "Erwinia nulandii." This name appeared just after the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (13) was published, and it was never subsequently validated by publication in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. In 1990, Hao et al. ( 5 ) described the pink-pigmented species Erwinia persicinus, which was isolated from tomatoes, bananas, and cucumbers. E. persicinus was shown to be distinct from all other validly published enviniae, including the pink-pigmented species Erwinia rhapontici (9) and Erwinia rubrifaciens (18). "E. nulandii" was not included in the study of Hao et al. because they were not aware of its existence.This study was undertaken to recharacterize "E. nulandii" in order to validate it as a new species. On the basis of the biochemical test, membrane protein profile, and DNA relatedness results which we obtained, it is clear that "E. nulandii" is a synonym of E. persicinus. Komagata, Tokyo, Japan. The strains were maintained on glucose-yeast extract-calcium carbonate agar or on nutrient agar. To prepare DNAs, strains were cultivated in nutrient broth at 30°C to the late logarithmic or stationary phase. The DNAs of all other organisms used in DNA hybridization studies (Table 1) were prepared previously in the DNA Hybridization Laboratory, Investigation and Surveillance Laboratory Section, Emerging Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains. "E. nulandii" NCPPB 3375 (= PinkyAPhenotypic characteristics. Oxidation-fermentation of Dglucose was tested by the method of Hugh and Leifson (6). Tests for production of H2S from cysteine, production of reducing substances from sucrose, production of indole, reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and acid production from carbohydrates (using C medium) were performed by the methods of Dye (3). Lipolysis of Tween 80 was tested by the method of Sierra (ll), hydrolysis of esculin was tested by the method of Sneath (14), and oxidase production was tested by the method of Kovacs (7). The presence of protopectinase on potato, carrot, onion, and pepper slices and tyrosinase production were determined by the methods of Lelliott et al. (8). Liquefaction of sodium polypectate was determined by the method of Skerman (12), and utilization of sodium salts of organic acids was determined by the method of Wilki...