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Hand function is one of the important functional activities of the human being to perform a daily activity. One of the impairments is hand function commonly observed in spastic hemiplegics. Spasticity is one of the major factors affecting children, as a result of increased muscle tone, that in luences hand movement. Children become more dependent when hand function is impaired. Normal muscle tone is a prerequisite for moving the hand to activity for normal hand function. Hand movement improves by reducing spasticity, which in daily living activity helps the child functionally independent. The aim of this research is therefore to enhance the hand function by using mirror therapy in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. 46 subjects are studied and divided into two groups, namely the group of mirror therapy (Experimental) and the conventional group. The informed concern was taken from their parents. Conventional training was given to one group and mirror therapy was given to another group. Both groups were treated for 60 min/ each session, 5 days/week for the duration of 4 weeks. Modi ied Ashworth scale was used to evaluate spasticity, 9 hole peg boards were used to measure inger dexterity, Fegl Meyer assessment upper limb was used to assess changes in the motor improvement, and Upper Extremity Functional Index was self-evaluating questionnaire done my parents or caretakers. The independent "t" test was used to analyze the outcome measures, the effect of spasticity effect and ability to function by hand. The mean post-test values of all mirror therapy variables were better than those of the conventional group (p<0.005). The study shows spasticity reduction and improvement in the function of the hand in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy using mirror therapy.

A well-designed runner and gating system is very important to produce good quality die castings by providing a homogenous mould filling pattern. Flow analysis of the component is done in order to visibly analyse the cavity filling process. In this study, a Commutator End (CE) bracket, a cold chamber die casted product was chosen. Initially when the component was casted numerous defects such as Cold shuts, Misrun, Shrinkage porosity and Gas porosity were found. This in turn led to rejection of number of components. In order to improve the quality of the castings produced, the gating system was changed from the existing flat gate to modified spoon fed gate. The component was designed using Pro-Engineer and flow analysis was carried out using Rotork Flow 3D Software. The process parameters like metal temperature, fill velocity and filling time are considered for optimizing the process. Quality assessment for the die casting parts was made by microstructure analysis.

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