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Integrated surface plasmon resonance biosensors promise to enable compact and portable biosensing at high sensitivities. To replace the far field detector traditionally used to detect surface plasmons we integrate a near field detector below a functionalized gold film. The evanescent field of a surface plasmon at the aqueous-gold interface is converted into photocurrent by a thin film organic heterojunction diode. We demonstrate that use of the near field detector is equivalent to the traditional far field measurement of reflectivity. The sensor is stable and reversible in an aqueous environment for periods of 6 hrs. For specific binding of neutravidin, the detection limit is 4 microg/cm(2). The sensitivity can be improved by reducing surface roughness of the gold layers and optimization of the device design. From simulations, we predict a maximum sensitivity that is two times lower than a comparable conventional SPR biosensor.

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TMa nport was p m p d as an account of work sponsored by the UnitMt Shkr Gavernment. Neitbx the United States nor the United States Department of E n w. nar my of their emplayarm, nnr rny of their coatmcton, subcontrolotors, or tlrsfr onaployatr. d e s any wwanty, express or implied, or w w n k s any W i Z i t y or na~ondbility for the accuracy, comphtenest or uscfuh~)s of my infomation. apparstun. pmll~rt m p m r didclod, or rcpmJtnts that its we would not infringe private$ owned Wts, This report has been reproduced directly from the best &able copy.

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LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepcirad as GR account of Oovfirnniem sponsorsd work* p«etthsr the United States, nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commissions A. Makes any worranty or representation, express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not in~ fringe privately owned rightsi or B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report. As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" includes any employee or contractor of the Commission to the extent thot such employee or contractor prepares, handles or distributes, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his employment or contract with the Commission.

Although there has been significant public and academic interest in the ability of police to harness new technologies in order to solve crimes, there has been significantly less focus on how the proliferation of new technologies has impacted police workloads. In this exploratory study, we begin the process of rectifying this oversight by exploring some of the challenges mobile technologies pose to investigators working in a special investigations unit. Our work is informed by an analysis of data collected through in-depth interviews with police investigators to address the following research question: “To what extent has the complexity of special victims (sex crimes) investigations changed over time?”. Our findings indicate that technology is the most prominent factor leading to increased complexity of investigations. Specifically, technology adds to the volume of evidence that must be examined and managed, rapid advances in technology require additional training and expertise, and despite technological advances to assist in investigations, the process remains largely manual.

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