Albendazole (ABZ) is a typical broad-spectrum benzimidazole drug used for the treatment of parasitic worm infestations in humans and animals. The present study investigated the oxidative stress biomarkers and hematological parameters in juvenile African Catfish (also known as Sharptooth Catfish) Clarias gariepinus exposed to ABZ for 96 h. Fish were exposed to 0 (control) 20, 40, and 60 mg/L ABZ. The liver and gill tissues were sampled at regular intervals of 24 h, and the results showed significant concentration- and time-dependent increases in the values of lipid peroxidation but reductions in glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase in both tissues. Erythrocytes were sampled to evaluate hematological parameters. The results showed significant concentration- and time-dependent increases in white blood cells but no significant differences in mean cellular hemoglobin. Hemoglobin values, red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly over the experimental period. The activities of lymphocytes and neutrophils increased significantly, whereas there were no significant differences in basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes among the treatment groups. Albendazole should be used with caution, as sublethal concentrations induced oxidative stress in the liver and gill tissues along with hematological changes that were more evident in liver cells. Received November 20, 2015; accepted May 4, 2015.

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Dichlorvos is an organophosphate pesticide used for the control of pests in crops and stored products, while primextra is a commercial herbicide formulation generally used in agriculture for weed control. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the acute toxicity of dichlorvos and primextra pesticides and assess their effects on mortality and behavioural changes of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC 50 of dichlorvos were 6.06, 4.96, 1.65 and 1.29 mg l −1 , while those of primextra were 9.34, 6.50, 5.41 and 4.67 mg l −1 , respectively. The safe levels estimated by different methods varied from 1.29 × 10 −1 to 1.29 × 10 −5 mg l −1 in dichlorvos and from 4.67 × 10 −1 to 4.67 × 10 −5 mg l −1 in primextra. Behavioural changes, such as hyperactivity, gulping of air, skin discoloration, loss of balance, convulsion, erratic swimming and mucous secretions, were observed in fish exposed to both pesticides. Our study indicated that dichlorvos (96 h LC 50 = 1.29 mg l −1 ) was more toxic to C. gariepinus compared with primextra (96 h LC 50 = 4.67 mg l −1 ). The use of these pesticides in both terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic environments should be subject to strict control and monitoring to prevent potential ecotoxicological hazards to aquatic lives.Darbo tikslas -įvertinti ir palyginti dichlofoso ir Primextra ūminį toksiškumą bei poveikį Clarias gariepinus jauniklių mirtingumui ir elgsenos pokyčiams. Dichlofosas -organinis fosforo junginys, naudojamas vabzdžių naikinimui laukuose ir sandėliuose, Primextra -herbicidas, dažniausiai naudojamas piktžolių naikinimui žemės ūkyje. Paveikus žuvis tiriamąja medžiaga 24, 48, 72 ir 96 valandas, dichlofoso LC 50 koncentracija buvo 6,06, 4,96, 1,65 ir 1,29 mg l −1 , Primextra LC 50 koncentracija -9,34, 6,50, 5,41 ir 4,67 mg l −1 atitinkamai. C. gariepinus saugios dichlofoso koncentracijos buvo nuo 1,29 × 10 −1 iki 1,29 × 10 −5 mg l −1 , Primextra -nuo 4,67 × 10 −1 iki 4,67 × 10 −5 mg l −1 . Abiem medžiagomis paveiktoms žuvims buvo būdingi elgsenos pokyčiai: hiperaktyvumas, žiopčiojimas ryjant orą, odos spalvos pakitimai, pusiausvyros sutrikimai, konvulsijos, chaotiškas plaukimas ir gleivingos išskyros. Šis tyrimas parodė, kad dichlofosas (96 val. LC 50 = 1,29 mg l −1 ) C. gariepinus yra toksiškesnis negu Primextra (96 val. LC 50 = 4,67 mg l −1 ). Dichlofoso ir Primextra naudojimas turi būti griežtai kontroliuojamas dėl galimo ekotoksikologinio poveikio vandens gyvūnams.

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