Significant immediate and delayed vascular complications occurred in 4 of 140 patients (3 per cent) undergoing percutaneous removal of renal and ureteral calculi. An understanding of renovascular anatomy, use of a safety guide wire and intraoperative availability of an angiographic balloon catheter may help to prevent and to treat bleeding problems.
A total of 31 patients with 45 episodes of failing arteriovenous dialysis fistulas was studied. Fistula failure was usually due to venous and/or anastomotic stenosis, often in conjunction with thrombosis. Abnormalities were treated by percutaneous dilation and occasionally streptokinase infusion. Most complications and failures occurred either in patients with recently created fistulas or in those with multiple or long segment stenosis associated with thrombosis. Patients with a single nonobstructing stenosis were very successfully treated with percutaneous techniques, which are the treatment of choice for this condition.
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